(U9 
of Oliiva-lioa, one of the Marquesas, presents tlie oblitera- 
tion of the lanibdoidal and sa^-ittal sutures, and is a re- 
markable example of the jiacby-cepbalism, literally thick- 
headedr^.s-s, of ViKCHOW. This calvarium has a triineated 
appearance, as if the occipital region were cut off. 
There are different oter synostoses of the cranial 
bones Avhich it is not necessary to mention before this 
assembly. They give rise to acro-cephalism, klino-cepha- 
lisni, platy-cephalism, &c. In some instances, where the 
ossification of the sutures is ])retty general, besides the 
special anormal form imparted to the skull, there is a 
serious diminution of space in its cavity, or micro-cei)hal- 
isni. And here I wish j)articularly to mention, that from 
a series of crania in my collection, I am led to infer the 
great probability that this contraction of the cianial cavity, 
most likely accompanied with conn)ression upon the cerebral 
mass, has an injurious effect on its intellectual and moral 
functions. At all events, the facts are these. 1 possess 
the micro-ce])halic skull of a convict who was executed on 
Norfolk Island. This ])aradisaical Island is situated about 
lb"" east of Australia, and, at the time when New South 
Wales was a ])enal (h^lony, was selected by the English 
government for the re-trans]jortation of criminals who were 
ami New Hebrideans, I have instances of brachy-cephalism. These other- 
wise naturally extreme dclicho-cephnli, or natiiral scapho-cepliali, hy the 
arts of nursini>- in infancy and, I believe, Avithont any intentional design 
to change the form of the head, have actually been converted into 
brnchrj-cepliali and show a breath of skull greater than Hian 80 
in proportion to 100, regarded as the length of the cranium. 
N:o 817 of my Collection, the tine skull of a man of about 30 
years of age from the Island of Fate, or Sandnich Island, one of the 
New Hebridean group, is a good example of the natural scapho-cephalism 
I have described. Its length is 7,7 inches English. If we regard this 
as 100, the extreme breadth will be in the proportion of only G5, 
whilst its height rises to 75. 
