84 
BERENICE!. 
reflexed, as shown in von Reuss’ figure ; but in d’Orbigny’s 
B. oceaniea, which is always treated as a synonym of B. papillosa, 
the peristomes are low and almost flush with the surface of the 
zoarium. When referring to B. papillosa in the Catalogue of 
Jurassic Bryozoa, a doubt was expressed whether d’Orbigny’s 
oceaniea is really the same as von Reuss’ typical B. papillosa ; and 
I still feel uncertain upon that point. D’Orbigny’s D. oceaniea is 
a near ally of the Berenicea hagenowi of von Reuss, 1854 {non 1872), 
which has zooecia like those of B. papillosa^ but the apertures 
more sparsely scattered, and therefore approximating to 
B. disciformis, Hag. The specimens referred by von Reuss in 
1872 to this species differ materially from those on which he 
founded it in 1854. Zoaria that differ from the type form in the 
direction opposite to that of the oceaniea series may be referred 
to the var. echinata (Orb.), in which the peristomes are crowded 
and highly raised; as M. Pergens expresses it, “.5. echinata est 
B. papillosa plus serree.” 
The varieties oceaniea and echinata seem such individual variations 
of B. papillosa that it is useless to define them ; but B. hagenowi 
is more distinct, and is therefore noticed separately as a definite 
variety. 
The principal synonyms of B. papillosa are B. echinata (Orb.) 
and B. oceaniea (Orb.), which may be included as varieties; 
B. pusilla, Rss., appears to be the same species, but the peristomes 
are lower. The Flustra tuhulosa of Woodward’s “ Geology of 
Horfolk ” is no doubt the same as this ‘ species ’ ; but his figure 
represents the apertures as too distant, an aspect probably due 
to an error in the drawing, which is so crude that Woodward’s 
name has no right to stand, in spite of its priority. 
Another ‘ species ’ of d’Orbigny which should probably be 
included in B. papillosa is his Biastopora grandis, which appears 
to be only a B. papillosa in which gonocysts are present, but are 
represented in the figure as flat areas bare of apertures. 
M. Pergens keeps B. grandis distinct, although he quotes its 
dimensions as practically identical with those of B. papillosa. 
Among Cretaceous Berenices its nearest allies are B. polystoma 
(Rom.), which has a much thicker zoarium and less regularly 
arranged apertures ; and B. disciformis, in which the apertures 
are more widely spaced. It differs from B. phlyctcenosa by 
having more crowded and more slender zooecia, and from 
