EXTALOPHOEA. 
233- 
Affinities. 
Entalopliora echinata pras founded by Homer on a specimen from 
the Xorth German plain. It was poorly figured, but there seems 
no adequate reason to doubt its specific identity with the specimens 
thus detennined by von Heuss. Michelin, however, included in 
the species a Cenomanian Bryozoan on which d’Orbigny founded 
a new species, JE. vendinemis ; while the Senonian specimen which 
d'Orbigny at first figured as JE. echinata he subsecj^uently included 
in E. suhregularis. Pergens leaves it there, and remarks (Kevisiou, 
p. 361) that the figures are bad. 
D’Orbigny’s E. liJiearis, which appears to me synonymous with 
E, echinata (Horn.), is included by Pergens in E. prohoncidea. It 
is undeniably nearly allied to E. virgula^ the Cretaceous repre- 
sentative of the proho^cidea group. But it appears to me that it 
can be distinguished from E. virgida with sufficient ease to make 
the distinction convenient. It difiters from it by having a thicker 
zoarium, with more numerous zooecia, the apertures of which are 
necessarily more crowded. 
According to d’Orbigny the P. henedeni., Hag., is a synonym of 
E. linearis. But both Marsson and Hamm exclude P. henedeni 
from E. linearis and include it in E. madreporacea (Goldf.), 
apparently regarding it as only a young fragment or as the distal 
end of a branch of a larger zoarium. AVith this opinion I fully 
agree. 
E. filiforniis appears to represent the thinner distal ends of 
branches of E. echinata. 
AA^hile approaching E. virgida in the condition of its thinner 
branches, this species similarly approaches E. madreporacea (Goldf.) 
in the character of its thicker branches, in which the apertures are 
crowded and tend to become subregular. 
The Cenomanian and Turonian specimens referred by von Eeiiss 
to Entcdophora pidchella appear to be the early forms of E. echmata 
with thin stems and narrow zooecia. 
The nearest Cainozoic ally of this species is the Cricoporcv 
pidchella., Ilss.,^ which has been accepted as a Cretaceous species by 
^ A^on Eeuss. Pohp. 'Wien. Tertiarb. : Xaturw. Abb. vol. ii. 1847, p. 40. 
pi. vi. fig. 10. 
