Foreign Vegetables. 439 
Amber gut. ij. of Marjoram gut. j. Coniervc 
of Sage-Flowers q. f. to make Pills, for ca- 
tarrhaus Diforders. 
Artic. II. Of Galls. 
Gallcs , Off. Gracor . Hafs and Hafas , Arab. 
Galls are Bodies growing upon Oak-trees, of which 
there are many Kinds, differing in Magnitude, Co- 
lour, external Roughnefs or Smoothnefs, and Fi- 
gure. They grow indeed to Oaks or glandiferous 
Trees, but not in all Countries * fince they are not 
Found in the colder Climates. For Ray obferves, 
that the Englifh Oak never bears any ; for which he 
gives this Reafon, (viz.) becaufe the Infedts to 
which they owe their Origin are not met with 
there. They are not the Fruit of a Tree, as fome 
imagine ; but preternatural Tumours, occafioned by 
the biting or boring of certain Infedts. For thefe 
Infedts, and particularly certain Flies pierce the 
Buds, Leaves, and younger Twigs of the Tree : 
[They tear the tender Veflels, and the Juice flows 
frpm them : It arrives more abundantly at the Part, 
becaufe the Refiftance is diminiflied •, and the Vef- 
fels, from a greater Quantity of Juice, are more 
and more enlarged.] Whence Tumours of various 
Forms; which, though preternatural with refpedfc 
to the Tree, are yet ordained by Nature, to be as 
it were Matrices to receive, preferve, and cherifh 
the Eggs of thefe Infedts *, to hatch their Brood, 
and nourifh them. When Galls are opened, per- 
fedtly ripe and frefh, fome fmall Worms, or rather 
Nymph*, are found in the Middle. Sometimes we 
find but one, fometimes many in feparate Cells ; 
which after fome Time become Flies, of the fame 
Kind, or fometimes of different Kinds. Soon after 
they attempt to open for themfelves a Paffage, by 
gnawing the Subftance of the Gall, and at length 
F f 4 make 
