3 
The total amount of material at present available from various localities 
in Victoria, New South Wales, and Tasmania, embraces 98 species, represent- 
ing all the principal classes of Vasculares, and, as regards age, all the 
principal strata of the Tertiary Formation. 
We will first notice the general characters of the flora, and afterwards 
unfold the peculiarities of the different strata in particular, as far as this cau 
be done with the material at hand. The most important general result is 
this : 
The Tertiary Flora of extra-tropical Australia is, as regards character, 
essentially distinct from the present living flora of Australia ; nor docs it 
closely resemble, in general, any other living flora. On the other hand, it 
shows the mixed character of the Tertiary Floras of Europe, the Arctic 
Regions, North America, and, probably, all the Tertiary Floras. It has also 
much more similarity to the Tertiary Floras at present known than to the 
existing flora of Australia. The characteristic plants of Australia are but 
feebly represented. 
I must point out here, that thus far the study of the Tertiary Floras 
has led to the general result, that in this flora all the elements of the different 
floras of the world are found combined— a result at which I first arrived in 
working up several local floras from the Tertiary formations of Austria, but 
which has been confirmed by Von Unger, in his “ Fossilen Flora von 
lladobj,” (p. 10). The labours of O. fleer, with regard to the Tertiary Flora 
of Switzerland, and the Arctic Regions ; those of Count Saporta, with regard 
to the Tertiary Flora of France, and those of L. Lesquereux, with regard to 
the North American Tertiary Flora, also undoubtedly point to the same 
conclusion, although the authors named do not appear to have attached much 
importance to the fact. In considering only the Coniferae of the Tertiary 
Flora, as at present known, consisting chiefly of branches, fruits, and seeds, 
we sec represented, not merely all the orders and groups of the class, but all 
the different floral regions. In the Tertiary Coniferae, therefore, we sec a 
portion of the universal flora, which in itself already warrants the conclusion, 
that in the Tertiary Flora must be included the elements of all the floras.* 
* 1. During the Tertiary epoch the following groups of still living Conifer® had representatives in Europe, 
the Arctic Regions, and North America : — Ephedra (Northern Hemisphere), Araucaria (South America and 
Oceania), Finns (Northern Hemisphere), Canninghamia (China), Sequoia (California), Gly ptostrobus (China), 
Taxodium (North America and Mexico), Widdingtonia (South Africa), Actinostrobus (Australia), Callitrii (North 
Africa), Lihocedrus (America and Oceania), Biotia (China, Japan), Chama’cyparis (North America, Mexico, 
Japan), Juniperus (Northern Hemisphere), Taxus (Northern Hemisphere), Ginlco (China, Japan), Podocarpus 
(Southern Hemisphere, China, Japan). 
