Pl.end.cr. 1. FILICES. 4. Aspidium. J 
minor. Smaller in all its parts. 
Filixmasq.F. pumila saxatilis altera Cl usi i, Raii Syn. 122, 9; Park 1043. 
Male stonefern. 
3. Aspidium nemorale. Grove shieldfern. 
Frond bipinnate; leaflets oblong, obtuse, very finely ser- 
rate ; sori near the midrib ; stipes and midrib chaffy. 
Filix mas vulgaris, Raii Syn. 120, 1 ; Park. 1Q36. 
F. mas nan ramosa, pinnulis latisdensis minutim dentatis, Ger.em, 1129, 
Polypodium Filix mas, Lin. S. P. 1551. 
Aspidium Filix mas, Swartz Syn. Fil. 55. 
Asp. nemorale, Sal. Prod. 403. 
Polystichum Filix mas, Roth Germ. 3, 82. 
Male fern. Male polypody. 
Woods, heaths, stony places; peren. June, July. 
Roots caespitose, large, scaly ; frond lanceolate, 3 feet 
high ; pinnce numerous, upper leaflets joined together ; 
sori near the ribs especially at the base of the leaflets in a 
single row, large, prominent, numerous ; involucra urn- 
bilicate, split on one side, the edge folded. 
Root expells the tape-worm, 5j — $ij given in powder, in 
the morning fasting, a gentle purge having been given over 
night: some give a drastic purge the same morning, others 
only repeat the medicine daily until the worms are expelled. 
Frond burned for its alkaline ashes. 
i3. cristatum. Engl. Bot. 1949. 
4. Aspidium aculeatum , Prickly shieldfern. 
Frond bipinnate ; leaflets ovate, subfalcate, acute, mucro- 
nato-serrate ; towards the base the upper ones are truncated, 
the lower ones short and wedgelike ; sori scattered ; stipes 
and ribs very chaffy. 
Filix mas non ramosa, pinnulis latis auriculatis spinosis. Raii. Syn. 121,2-$ 
Ger. cm. 1 130. 
Polypodium aculeatum, Linn. S. P. 1552. 
Polystichum aculeatum, Roth Germ. 3, 79. 
Aspidium aculeatum, Swartz Schr. Jour. 2, 37. 
Prickly polypody. 
Woods, shady places ; peren. June. 
Frond 2 feet high, elegant, dark green. This common 
variety transplanted into a garden became similar to y, 
muscosum. Leaflets extremely chaffy. 
Filix mas aculeata alis expansis, muscosa lanugine aspersa Plukeneti,, 
Raii Syn. 121,5. 
y. Cambricum, Leaflets rounder, prickles longer than 
usual. 
F. mas q. F. lonchitidi affinis Doody, Raii Syn. 121, 4, 
