130 74. Avena. 10. GRAMINEJE. 
PL end. ph 
a. Ijocustce 2- flowered. 
1. Avena sativa. Cultivated oat. 
Panicle loose ; locustce drooping, 2-fruited ; cariopsides 
smooth, husked; upper Jlowret awnless. 
Avena alba, Raii Syn. 389, 1. 
Avena vesca, Ger. tm. 685 Parte. 1134. 
Avena sativa, Lin. S. P. 
White oats. 
Cultivated in fields, principally in the northern parts ; 
annual; June, July. 
Culm 4} feet high ; glumelles whitish. 
Seeds used in the south for the food of horses, but in 
the north they are ground and the meal used either for 
bread, or for gruel : they are also malted for making an 
ale or a distilled spirit called whiskey : the ashes of the 
straw used to polish marble. 
0. nigra. Glumelles blackish brown. 
Avena nigra, Raii Syn. 389, 3. 
Black oats. 
y . mutica. Flou/rets all awnless. 
Avena vesca, Park. 1134. 
& uniflora . Glumes 1 -flowered. 
Avena alba Scotica, semine siniplici, pediculo laxo pendente, Raii Syn. 
389, 2 . 
2 . Avena orientalis . Pastern oats . 
Panicle facing one way, contracted ; locustce horizontal, 
parallel, 2-fruited; cariopsides husked, smooth; uppermost 
jlowret awnless. 
Avena orientalis, Schreher Spic. 52. 
Occurs along with the former species, but rarely. 
j3. mutica. Flowrets all awnless. 
b. Locustce 3 or more-jlowered. 
3 . Avena nuda . Naked oat . 
Panicle contracted, slender; locustce upright, 3-seeded; 
cariopsides smooth, free; uppermost jlowret awnless. 
Avena nuda, Raii Syn. 389, 6 ; Ger. em. 75 j Park. 1 134. 
Pills . Pilcorn . 
Cultivated in Cornwall, Staffordshire, and elsewhere; 
annual; July and August. 
Glumelles yellow ; flowrets very narrow. 
