140 83. Phleum. 10. GRAMINEiE. 
PI. end. ph. 
2. Phleum nodosum. Knotted timothy. 
Spike cylindrical, short; spathelles much longer than 
the beard ; keel ciliated ; culm ascending, bulbous at bottom ; 
root fibrous. 
Gramen typhinum q. Gramen nodosum spica parva 0. Bauhin, Ilaii S yn. 
398, 3. 
Phleum nodosum, Lin. S. P. 88. 
Phleum pratense, var. Hnds. FI. Angl. 26. 
Barren places ; perennial ; July to November. 
Culm 9 in. high, rather naked above; leaves very acute; 
spike 1 to 2 in. long, obtuse. 
3. Phleum alpinum. Alpine timothy. 
Spike ovate, cylindrical; spathelles the length of the 
beard ; keel ciliated ; culm ascending ; root rather creeping. 
Phleum alpinum, Lin. S. P. 88. 
Mountains in the North; perennial; July. 
Root jointed ; culm 18 in. high ; upper sheaths very long, 
inflated; lower ligula very short; upper slender, acute; 
spike 1 in. long, blackish purple. 
XLIII. 84. PHAL ARIS. Dioscorides. Phalaris. 
Spathelles alternate, nearly equal, boatshape, gibbous on 
the back, often membranous winged, longer than the flow- 
rets ; glumelles awnless, hardened, leathery ; rudiment of an 
abortive flowret sessile, like an appendix, awlshape, bald 
or hairy ; upper spathellule slightly nicked ; lodicule ovate, 
not notched, hairy ; style short, 2-parted ; stigmata villous ; 
cariopsis free, included in the hardened glumelle, not fur- 
rowed.— -PV/mc/e spikeshape, or effused ; locustce crowded ; 
peduncle often involucrated. 
a. Panicle spikeshape ; keel of the glumelles winged. 
1 . Phalaris Canariensis. Canary phalaris. 
Panicle ovate ; margin of the upper spathelle truncate ; 
culm rather upright; root fibrous. 
Phalaris major, semine albo, Raii Syn. 394, 1. 
Phalaris, Ger. em. 86. 
Phalaris Canariensis, Lin. S. P. 79. 
Phalaris ovata, Moench. Meth. 
Canary grass. 
Roadsides, ruins, also cultivated ; annual ; June to Sept. 
Culms many, 2 feet high, smooth; leaves flat, lanceolate, 
edge white ; upper sheaths inflated ; ligula large ; panicle 
very dense; peduncles short; locustce broad, ovate, whit© 
with 2 lunate green lines. 
Seeds used as food for singing birds. 
