£24? 
I. Pinus. I. ABIETIDE^E. 
PI. ex. mom 
Pinus sylvestris foliis brevibus glaucis, conis parvis albentibus, JR ait 
Syn. 442. 
Pinus sylvestris, Ger. em. 1356 ; Lin. S. P. 1418. 
Scotch fir. Pineaster. 
Alpine mountains, also cultivated ; arborescent ; May. 
Trunk tall, straight, determ inately branched, dark green ; 
leaves smooth, pointed. — Wood used for timber, red or 
yellow deals; juice resinous, becoming solid; lark used to 
tan leather, and, mixed with meal, made into bread in the 
Northern countries. 
II. 2. ABIES. Pliny. Fir. 
Monoicous. — Male. Ament solitary, not racemose ; sta- 
men 1, on the tip of the scales of the ament; anther 2-celled. 
“—Female. Ament simple; ovaries 2; stigmata 2, 3-cut; 
lobes glandular ; scales of the cone imbricate, thin, rounded 
at the tip and not thickened ; back not umbilicated ; coty- 
ledons 3 to 9. — Trees very tall, conical ; buds large ; leaves 
alternate, 2-rowed, scaly, large, acerose, linear ; aments ter- 
minating the secondary branches. 
a. Cones hanging down; leaves scattered. 
1. Abies excelsa. Tall fir. 
Leaves 4-sided ; cones cylindrical ; stales rhomboidal, flat, 
edge torn and spread ; bractece minute. 
Abies, Raii Syn. 441, 1 : Ger. em. 1363 ; Park. 1539. 
Pinus Abies, Lin. S. P. 
Abies excelsa, Salisb. T. L. S. 8,314. 
Female fir. Norway fir. Mast-tree. 
Cultivated for timber. 
Tree evergreen, straight ; bark rough, scaly, brown ; 
branches verticillate.— -Wood used for timber, white deals; 
juice resinous, becoming solid. 
b. Cones upright ; leaves 2-rowed. 
2. Abies pectinata. Pectinate fir. 
Leaves fiat, nicked; scales of the cone very blunt, de- 
pressed. 
Pinus Picea, Lin. S. P. 1420. 
Pinus Abies, FI. Dan. 193. 
Abies taxi folia, II. P. 
Abies pectinata, De Cand. Syn. FI. Fr. 2063. 
Silver fir. 
Cultivated lor timber. 
Tree tall ; bark smooth, whitish. 
