Pl, ex, moil. 
6. CORYLIDEiE. 10. Carpinus. 245 
2-celled. — Female. Cupula 1 or many-flowered; perigo - 
nium adherent, many- toothed ; ovary 1 , many-celled ; ovules 
many ; style 2 or many-cut ; stigmata 2 or many ; cupula 
containing 1 or many glands; glans or nucula 1 -celled, 
1 -seeded by abortion of the rest; kernel pendent; peri- 
sperm 0 ; corculum straight, central ; radicle adverse. — Stem 
ligneous ; leaves alternate, simple, stipuled, pinnately ribbed. 
Cupula open at top, 
Nucula angular ; ament-scale rounded. . . Carpinus. 10. 
Nucula ovate ; ament-scale 3 - lobed Corylus. 11. 
Gians ovate; cupula cupshape Quercus. 12. 
Cupula closed , or valvular. 
Ament globose ; cupula hairy Fagus, 13. 
Ament linear ; cupula spinous ; flowers 
glomerated * . Castanea. 14. 
A. Cupula open at top. 
I. 10. CARPINUS. Pliny. Hornleam. 
Monoicous. — Male. Ament long, loose, cylindrical; scales 
ovate, pointed, concave, ciliated, imbricate ; stamens 8 to 
14; anthers bearded at the tip. — F emale. Cupula 2-leaved, 
very large, 3-lobed, reticulately veined, 2-flowered; peri - 
gonium 6-toothed, unequal, persistent ; ovary 2-celled, com- 
pressed ; ovules 2, one abortive ; style 2, filiform ; stigmata 2 ; 
nucula bony, angular, 1 -celled. — Stem arborescent; aments 
axillary and terminal; cupulde racemose. 
Carpinus ulmoides. Elmlike hornleam. 
Leaves of the cupula 3-parted ; lobes not cut, lanceolate, 
middle one long. 
Ostrya ulmo similis fructu in umbilicis foliaceis, Raii Syn. 451. 
Betulus, sive Carpinus, Ger. em. 1479. 
Ostrys, sive Ostrya, Park. 1406. 
Carpinus Betulus, Lin. S. P. 1416. 
Hornbeam. Hornbeech. Witch-hasel , Essex. Hardbeam. Yoke elm. 
Woods and hedges ; tree ; May. 
Bark white, smooth; leaves ovate, doubly serrate, pe- 
tioled; ament lateral, scales brown; cupula terminal;, nucula 
ribbed. — Inner bark dyes yellow ; wood white, very tough, 
grows very hard like horn, used in millwork, burns like a 
candle. 
