PL ex. mon . 
248 13. Fagus. 6. CORYLIDE^. 
B. Cupula closed, valvular. 
IV. 13. FAGUS. Pliny. Beech . 
Monoicous . — Male. Ament pendulous, globose, dense; 
perigonium 6-lobed ; stamens 8. — Female. Cupula two- 
dowered, 4-lobed, outside armed with soft spines ; perigo- 
nium 6-sepaled; sepales tomentose; style 1, 3-cut; stig- 
mata 3; ovary 3-celled ; 2 in each cell; glans 1-celled, 
3-sided, 1 or 2-seeded. 
Fagus sylvatica . Wood leech . 
Leaves ovate, smooth, slightly toothed, edge fringed. 
Fagus, Rail Syn. 439 ; Ger. em. 1444; Park. 1403. 
Fagus sylvatica, Lin. S. P. 1416. 
Woods and hedges ; arborescent; April and May. 
Bark smooth; leaves petioled, ribs few and straight.-— 
W ood brittle, decaying in the air but lasting under water ; 
leaves used for stuffing mattresses ; glands, called mast, 
fatten swine, dried and made into bread, also roasted for 
coffee, and pressed for their oil. 
V. 14. C A STAN E A. Theophrastus. Chestnut. 
Polygamous. — Male. Ament very long, cylindrical ; 
flowers glomerate, scattered along the axis; perigonium 
6-sepaled ; stamens 5 to 20. — Hermaphrodite. Cupula 2 
or 3-flowered, 4-lobed, armed with hard branchy spines ; 
perigonium 5 or 6-sepaled; sepales covered on the inside 
with stiff hairs; stamens 12, red, abortive; ovary 6-celled ; 
ovules 2 in each cell, 3 to 5 abortive ; styles 6 ; glans one- 
celled, mucronate ; seeds 1 to 3, wrinkled. 
Castanea vesca. Eatalle chestnut. 
Leaves oblong, lanceolate, pointed, mucronately serrate, 
both sides smooth. 
Castanea, Rail Syn. 440; Gtr. era. 1442, 1. 
Castanea vulgaris. Park. 1400. 
Fagus Castanea, Lin. S. P. 1416. 
Castanea vesca, Gccrtn. Sem. et Fr. PI. 37. 
Woods ; arborescent ; May. 
Bark with broad cracks; leaves bald, annual, ribs parallel; 
aments necklacelike. — Wood durable, but now usually cut 
young for hop-poles ; fruit esculent. 
0. sativa. Leaves larger, more glossy; styles 6 to 9. 
Spanish chestnut. 
Glans 3 times as large as the wild, earlier, and better 
tasted. 
