252 
17. Lupulus. 9. URTICEiE. 
PL ex. mom 
membranaceous ; seed 1 ; shell crustaceous ; corculum 
spiral; cotyledons linear. — Stem annual, twining, rough, 
angular; leaves petioled, opposite, palmately ribbed, lobed 
or not cut ; stipule intrafoliaceous, reflex ; flowers axillary 
or terminal, peduncled, solitary. 
Lupulus communis. Common hop . 
Lupulus mas et fcemina, Raii Syn. 137. 
Lupulus salictarius, Ger. em. 885. 
Lupulus seu sativus, seu sylvestris, Park. 176. 
Humulus Lupulus, Lin. S. P. 1457, 
Lupulus communis, Gcerln. 1,358. 
Woods and hedges; also cultivated; perennial; July. 
Root branchy; stem very long; leaves cordate; stipules 
not cut, reflex female spike aromatic, bitter. — Stem makes 
excellent cloth, cordage, and paper, if steeped all the win- 
ter, then dried and dressed like hemp ; female flowers in- 
fused in wort, or boiled with it, render the liquor bitter, 
and prevent it growing sour so soon as otherwise it would; 
a pillow stuffed with them produces sleep when opium fails; 
and a tincture made with spirit of wine or brandy is in 
general preferable to that of opium as a narcotic, although 
inferior as a spasmodic ; young shoots eaten in spring as 
asparagus ; a decoction of the roots, or an extract of them 
is sudorific. 
The hopgrowers distinguish the garlick, long white, and 
oval hop. 
II. IS. URTICAo Pliny. Nettle. 
Monoicous , rarely dioicous. — Male. Flowers racemose; 
perigonium 4 -parted ; stamens 4 ; filaments long, before 
the anthesis curved ; barren pistill glandular, cyathiform.— - 
Female. Flowers racemose, rarely capitate ; perigonium 
2-sepaled; ovary 1 , free; stigma 1 , sessile, pubescent; utri- 
culus rather membranaceous, girded by the sepales ; seed 
compressed; corculum straight; cotyledons leaflike; radicle 
above. — Herb generally covered with pungent, excretory 
hairs; stem 4-angular; leaves petioled, stipuled, opposite, 
rarely alternate, palmately ribbed ; flowers axillary. 
1 . Urtica dioica. Dioicous nettle . 
Leaves opposite, cordate, ovate, lanceolate, largely ser- 
rated ; racemes much branched, in pairs, longer than the 
petiole ; plants mostly dioicous. 
