434 194. Onopord. 39, COMPOSITE, B. PL ex. cal. 
XIX. 194. ONOPORDUM. Pliny. Cotton-thistle . 
Pericline globose, becoming depressed ; scales awlshape, 
lax, ending in an awlshape spine ; flowers all hermaphro- 
dite; clinanthus flat, honeycombed; edge of the pits raised, 
sharp, chaffy ; akenium reverse-ovate, compressed, 4-sided, 
transversely furrowed ; pappus hairlike ; rays unequal, 
rough, annular at the base, deciduous. — Stem hollow, very 
tall ; leaves large, thorny, tomentose; calat hides terminal, 
solitary. 
Onopordum vulgare. Common cot ton- thistle. 
Leaves decurrent, sinuated, woolly on both sides, toothed ; 
pericline-scales spreading, awlshape. 
Carduus tomentosus, acantliium dictus, vulgaris, Raii Syn. 196,14. 
Acantliium album, Ger.em. 1149,1. 
Acanthium vulgare, Park. 979. 
Onopordium Acanthurn, Lin. S. P. 1158. 
White cotton-thistle . Cotton-thistle. Wild white thistle. Argentine , or 
silver thistle. 
Ruins and waysides ; biennial ; July. 
Root fusiform; plant white, woolly; stem 3 feet high; 
flowers upright ; corollcE purple. — Down of the stem and 
leaves used to stuff bedding, and mix with feathers; young 
shoots and periclines eaten as potherbs ; seeds bitter, much 
sought after by small birds. 
XX. 195. ARCTIUM. Dioscorides. Burdock. 
Pericline spherical ; scales imbricate, awlshape, ending 
in a recurved hooked spine; flowers all hermaphrodite; 
clinanthus flat, chaffy ; chaff bristlelike, as long as the pe- 
ricline; akenium compressed, 4-sided; pappus hairy, rays 
unequal, shorter than the akenium, persistent, in 2 or 3 
rows. — Leaves large, heartshape, petioled, not armed; 
flowers rather corymbose. 
1. Arctium tomentosum. Downy lurdock . 
Pericline , when full grown, downy ; down cobwebby. 
Lappa major montana capitulis tomentosis sive arctium Dioscoridis, 
'.Raii Syn. 197, 4. " 
JBardana major, Ger. em. 810, 1 *. 
Bardana major lanuginosis capitulis, Park. 1222. 
Arctium Lappa |S, Lin. S. P. 1143. 
Arctium Baidana, Willd. S. P. 1632. 
Lappa tomentosa, Ds Cand. Ft. Gall. 3009. 
Ruins; biennial; July and August. 
