436 197. Silybum. 39. COMPOSITOR, B. Pl. ex. cal. 
XXII. 197. SILYBUM. Dioscorides. Milk-thistle . 
Pericline bellied ; scales imbricate, close pressed together 
below, with an appendage at the tip; appendage spreading, 
weak, dilated, spinous on the edges, grooved, ending in a 
strong spine ; flowers all hermaphrodite ; clinanthus chaffy ; 
chaffs bristlelike, half as long as the pericline ; pappus 
hairy, rays linear, fringed, equal, longer than the akenium, 
forming a ring at the bottom, deciduous. — Stern high, 
branched ; leaves spinous ; stem-leaves embracing the stem : 
cal at hides large, solitary, terminal; peduncles naked. 
Silybum Marice. Mary's milk-thistle . 
Leaves embracing the stem, hastate, pinnatifid, bald. 
Carduus Mariae, Raii Syn. 195, 12; Ger. em. 1150. 
Carduus Mariae vulgaris, Park. 976. 
Carduus Marianus, Lin. S. P. 1153. 
Cirsium maculatum, Scop. Cam . 2, 1009. 
Silybum Marianum, Gcsrtn. Sem. et Fr. 2,378. 
Carduus lactifolius, Stokes Bot. Mat. Med . 141. 
Our lady's thistle. Milk thistle. 
Roadsides and ruins ; annual or biennial ; August. 
Stem 6 feet high; leaves dark green with broad white 
anastomosing veins. — Hoot eaten early in spring ; also the 
young stems, being peejed, and soaked in water to extract 
the bitterness ; and the ^cales of the cup as artichokes. 
£. unicolor. Leaves not variegated. 
Carduus Mariae hirsutus non maculatus, Raii Syn . 195, 13. 
XXIII. 193. CARDUUS. Pliny. Thistle. 
Pericline ovate, bellied; scales linear, simple, without 
appendices, pointed, spinous at the tip ; flowers all herma- 
phrodite ; clinanthus chaffy ; chaffs linear, silky, as long as 
the pericline ; pappus hairy ; rays equal, longer than the 
akenium, forming a ring at bottom, deciduous. - — Stem 
mostly hollow; leaves decurrent, spinous; calathides ter- 
minal; corollce blue. 
1. Carduus nutans. Nodding thistle. 
Leaves interruptedly decurrent, spinous; calathides droop- 
ing ; pericline-scales lanceolate ; upper ones spreading. 
Carduus nutans, Lin . S. P. 1150. 
Musk thistle. 
Ruins ; annual ; July and August. 
Root fusiform ; stem 2 feet high ; leaves greenish on both 
sides; calathides terminal, solitary, peduncled, drooping; 
— Odour like that of musk. 
