438 199. Cirsium. 39. COMPOSITE, B. PL ex. cal 
/3. mitius. Leaves less spinous. 
Carduus palustris niitior bardanae capitulo in sutnmo caule singular!, 
JOillen in Raii Syn. 194, 5. 
y. cristatus. Stems many, coalescent, bearing a broad 
flat head of flowers. 
2. Cirsium lanceolatum. Spear soft-thistle. 
Leaves decurrent, hispid, pinnatifid ; lobes 2-cut, diva- 
ricating, spinous; pericline ovate, downy; down cobweb- 
like; scales lanceolate, spinous, spreading, 
Carduus lanceatus, Raii Syn. 195,8; Ger.era, 1174,6, 
Carduus lanceatus latifolius sen major, Park. 982. 
Carduus lanceolatus, Lin. S. P. 1149. 
Cnicus lanceolatus, Willd. S. P. 1662. 
Cirsium lanceolatum, De Cand. FI. Gall. 3013. 
Waysides and pastures; biennial; July to September. 
Root branched ; stein hairy, 4 feet high ; leaves woolly 
beneath ; calathides terminal, large ; pericline ovate ; corolla 
purple or white. 
|3. minus. Calathides small. 
Carduus lanceatus flore et capite rainoribus, Dillen in Raii Syn. 195,9. 
3. Cirsium heterophyllum . Odd-leaved soft-thistle. 
Leaves embracing the stem, heartshape, lanceolate, ser- 
iate, fringed, nappy beneath; lower leaves rather incised; 
pericline- scales lanceolate, pressed close, rather mucronate, 
bald ; calathides mostly solitary, peduncled. 
Cirsium Britannicum Clu&ii repens, Raii Syn.. 193,2. 
Cirsium Anglicum secundum Clusii, G'er. em. 1183,5*; Dr. Penny’s 
figure. 
Cirsium aliud Anglicum, Park. 961. 
(Carduus heterophyllus, Lin. S. P. 1 154. 
Carduus helenoides, Huds. FI. Angl. 352. 
Cnicus heterophyllus, Willd. S. P. 1664. 
Cirsium heteropbjllum, De Candolle FI. Gall. 3086. 
Great English soft thistle. Melancholy thistle. 
Alpine pastures; perennial; July and August. 
Root creeping, knobbed; stem upright, nearly simple, 
woolly ; leaves smooth, bald, green above ; white, nappy 
beneath ; root-leaves petioled ; calathide terminal, mostly 
solitary, drooping becoming upright; pericline ovate. 
4. Cirsium acaule. Stemless soft-thistle. 
Leaves petioled, pinnatifid, toothed, fringed, spinous j 
calathides peduncled ; peduncles radical, solitary; pericline- , 
scales lanceolate, closely imbricate. 
