PL ex. cal. 39. COMPOSITE, B. 199. Cirsium. 4?39 
Carduus q. carlina acaulis minore purpureo flore. Rail Syn. 195,7. 
Carlina acaulis minor flore purpureo, Ger. em. 1158, 3. 
Carlina acaulis Septentrionalium, Park. 969, 
Carduus acaulis, Lin. S. P. 1156. 
Cnicus acaulis, WiUd. S. P. 1664. 
Cirsium acaule, De Candolle FI. Gall. 3089. 
Dwarf carline thistle. 
Fields and pastures; perennial; July and August. 
Root woody ; stem 0 ; leaves depressed, bald ; calathides 
large ; corollce purple. 
5. Cirsium arvense. Field soft-thistle . 
Leaves sessile, lanceolate, pinnatifid, hispid, toothed, 
waved, spinous, rather woolly beneath; calathides panicled; 
periclines first globose, then cylindrical. 
Carduus vulgatissimus viarum, Raii Syn. 194, 6; Ger. em. 1173, 4. 
Carduus^ceanotbos sive viarum et vinearum repens, Park. 959. 
Serratula arvensis, Lin. S. P. 1 149. 
Carduus arvensis, Curtis FI. Lond. 
Cirsium arvense, De Candolle FI. Gall. 3070. 
Common way thistle. Creeping thistle. 
Fields and waysides; perennial; July. 
Root creeping, flagelliform ; stem smooth ; pericline-scales 
woolly on the edge ; corollce purple, rarely white. 
6. Cirsium eriophorum . Wool-hearing soft-thistle . 
Leaves sessile, pinnatifid, hispid ; lobes 2-rowed, doubled, 
divaricated, spinous ; pericline globose, villous, cobweblike ; 
scales oblong ; apex linear, long, mucronate, reflex. 
Carduus tomentosus corona fratrum dictus, Raii Syn. 195, 10; Park. 978, 
Carduus eriocephalus, Ger. em. 1152, 6. 
Carduus tomentosus Anglicus, Park. 979. 
Carduus eriophorus, Lin. S. P. 1153. 
Cirsium eriophorum, De Candolle FI. Gall. 3 091. 
Cnicus eriophorus, Willd. S. P. 
Woolly headed thistle. 
Chalky mountains ; biennial ; August. 
Root fusiform ; stem much branched ; leaves rough above, 
woolly beneath ; calathides solitary, very large ; pericline- 
scales fringed, coloured above ; corollce purple. 
7. Cirsium tuberosum . Tuberous soft-thistle . 
Leaves embracing the stem, pinnatifid, fringed with 
spines, lobes 2-cut, toothed near the base; calathides 1 or 2; 
pericline-scales lanceolate, mucronate, spread out. 
Carduus tuberosus, Lin. S. P. 
Cnicus tuberosus, Willd. S. P. 1680. 
Cirsium dissectum, Lamarck Enc. Meth. 
Woods; perennial; July and August. 
Root tuberous ; tubers oblong ; stem villous, not spined^ 
