668 
416. Viola. 78. VIOLACE^. 
PI. ex. that 
416. VIOLA. Pliny. Violet . 
Calyx 5-parted, lower lobe produced at bottom ; petals 5 ; 
upper largest, spurred at the base ; anthers slightly joined 
together, membranaceous at the tip. 
a. Viola. Stigma acute , lent lack at the tip . 
1. Viola hirta . Hairy violet. 
Stem 0 ; leaves heartshape, petioled ; petioles hairy ; calyx - 
loles blunt; capsule hairy. 
Viola Martia major hirsuta inodora, Raii Syn. 365, 8. 
Viola hirta, Lin. S. P. 1324. 
Mountain pansies. 
Woods and hedges on chalk; perennial; March, April. 
Shoots short, horizontal, tufted; leaves nearly upright, 
serrated, hairy on both sides; petioles long, hairy; hairs 
short, bent down ; stipules lanceolate ; scape and calyx 
bald ; Iractece awlshape ; flowers blue, scentless. 
2. Viola odorata. Sweet violet. 
Stem 0 ; shoots creeping; leaves heartshape, bald; petioles 
bald; calyx-loles blunt. 
Viola Martia purpurea, Raii Syn. 364, 1. 
Viola nigra sive purpurea, Ger. em. 850, 1. 
Viola simplex Martin, Parle. Par. 282. 
Viola odorata, Lin. S. P. 1324. 
Shady places; perennial; March and April. 
Root woody ; shoots long, rooting, leafy ; leaves bald 
above, very slightly downy beneath ; petioles and scape ra- 
ther bald ; flowers purple, fragrant. — Root 3ij. to 3iv. 
emetic and purgative ; flowers laxative in syrup, which, 
when well made, is of a fine blue colour, and used as a test 
for acids and alkalies ; seeds also laxative. 
/3 .alia. Flowers white or reddish ; side petals beardless. 
Viola Martia alba, Raii Syn. 364,2. 
Viola flore alba, Ger. em. 850, 2. 
Viola simplex Martia llore albo, Park. Par. 282. 
3. Viola palustris. Marsh violet. 
Stem 0 ; leaves kidneyshape, bald on both faces, ribbed 
beneath; calyx blunt ; spur very short ; root creeping. 
Viola palustris rotund ifolia glabra, Raii Syn. 364, 6. 
Viola palustris, Lin. S. P. 1324. 
Moist meadows and bogs ; perennial ; April and May. 
