Pl. ex. thal. 85. RANUNCULACEiE. 464. Ficaria. 715 
C. Ranuncule^e. ^Estivation of the calyx and corolla 
Imbricate; petals 5 to 15, with a scale at the inside of the 
claw, sometimes 2-lipped, lips very unequal; anthers ovate, 
opening outwardly ; cariop sides many, mucronate ; seeds 
erect. — Stems herbaceous ; leaves radical or alternate ; in - 
valuer urn 0; flowers terminal, yellow. 
VIII. 464. FICARIA. Brunsfel. Pilewort . 
Calyx 3-sepaled, deciduous; petals 9, pitted at the bot- 
tom on the inside; stamens and ovaries many, indefinite; 
cariopsides smooth, compressed, blunt. — Herb bald, peren- 
nial; roots grumous ; tubers reverse ovate, blunt; stem 
branched, spreading; leaves petioled, heartshaped, rather 
angular; peduncles 1 -flowered, axillary, and terminal; se - 
pales sometimes 5; petals 8 or 12. 
Ficaria ranunculoides. Rununciduslike pilewort. 
Root grumous; stem leafy; leaves hearts h ape. 
Chelidonium minus, Raii Syn. 246; Ger.em. 816; Park. 617. 
Ranunculus Ficaria, Lin. S. P. 774. 
Ficaria ranunculoides, Mcench. Meth. 215. 
Ficaria verna, Hudson FI. Angl. 244. 
Ranunculus praecox, Salisb. Prod. 372. 
Ficaria communis, Dumeril Cours 4, 445. 
Little celandine. Figwort. Pilewort. 
Damp fields and pastures; perennial; March to May. 
Stem long; leaves longly petioled, shining; flowers yel- 
low shining, becoming whitish at the tip ; varies with the 
stem long or short; leaves entire or angled, heart or kid- 
neyshape, with or without a black spot; axillae naked or 
bulb-bearing; calyx 3 to 5-sepaled; petals 8 to 12. — Herb 
mild, esculent as a potherb ; juice of the roots used as a 
lotion for the piles. 
IX. 465. RANUNCULUS. Pliny. Crowfoot. 
Calyx 5-sepaled ; sepales deciduous without separating 
at bottom ; petals 5 or 10, with a nectariferous scale or pit 
at the base; stamens and ovaries many, indefinite ; cariopsides 
ovate, slighly compressed, smooth, or prickly, not streaked; 
ending in a short horn; disposed. — Stem cylindrical; pe- 
duncles terminal or axillary ; flowers white or yellow. 
