ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE. 
33 
F. Manuscript names found in the notes of a collector or on his herbarium tickets, 
when they are well selected, may be adopted, but not without supplying a description 
and stating that the name has not elsewhere been formally introduced into nomencla- 
ture. 
Without these restrictions or precautions the use of MSS. names is highly objection- 
able, and has already been the cause ot great confusion and annoyance to naturalists. 
The MSS. names of Beck, Solander, Leach and others, have long been stumbling blocks 
in the path of science from having been quoted by naturalists with no reference to the 
fact that they are to this day undescribed, and therefore wholly valueless. 
G. Avoid names which have already been employed in the genus or a related genus, 
and which have fallen into synonymy, (DC.) 
H. Do not dedicate a species to a person who has not discovered, described, figured 
nor studied in any manner, it or the group to which it belongs. 
I. Avoid names similar to names employed to designate the genus to which names 
belong or related genera. 
§ XXXI. Names of subspecies or varieties are formed like specific 
names, and, when cited, follow the name of the species to which they are 
related, preceded by the abbreviation suhsp. or var. They should never 
have a substantive character. 
The practice which has lately arisen of writing these names without the abbrevia- 
tion is objectionable, as incompatible with binomial nomenclature. 
Of Names of Hybrids, Sports and Cultivated Varieties used 
in Botany. 
§ XXXH. Hybrids whose origin is certain are designated by the name 
of the genus followed by a combination of the specific names from which 
the hybrid has proceeded. The name of the mother species is placed 
first, terminated by an i or an o and connected by a hyphen with the name 
of the species which has furnished the pollen; e. g., Amaryllis vittato- 
regince. 
Hybrids of doubtful origin are named like species, and are preceded by 
the sign X placed before the generic name ; as X Salix capreola , Kern. 
§ XXXIII. Subvarieties, variations and subvariations of wild plants 
may receive names analogous to those of varieties, or simply numbers or 
letters which may facilitate their classification. 
§ XXXIV. Seedlings, or sports, from cultivated plants receive fancy 
names in the vernacular which should differ as much as possible from the 
Latin designations of species or varieties. When it is desired to cite them 
with botanical species, subspecies or varieties, they are indicated by the 
succession of the names: as “ Pelargonium zonale Mistress Pollock.” 
(DC.) 
The above limitations, as explained by De Candolle, are necessary to prevent con- 
fusion between the principal natural modifications of a species and the illimitable num- 
ber of seedlings, sports, and inferior modifications of cultivated plants, the product of 
gardens; whose transitory appellations if proposed in the Latin form, would (as some 
have already) creep into the literature of the subject, be confounded daily with species 
or varieties, and produce unending complications. 
A. A. A. S., VOL. XXVI. 
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