ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE. 
31 
A subdivision of a genus should not be formed by adding to the name of the genus 
as a radical, the termination opsis or oicles, but on the contrary these terminations 
should be reserved for subdivisions, which resemble another genus by adding them to 
the name of that other genus, when it is of Greek origin. (DC.) Since a subgenus 
necessarily recalls or resembles its genus the announcement of the fact in its name is a 
work of supererogation. To annul such names which have been already imposed, how- 
ever, would be still more inconvenient in spite of their objectionable character. 
The termination oules is inelegant when applied to generic names or those of higher 
rank, and is better reserved for specific names of Greek or barbarous (never Latin) 
origin, and used in the following cases, only, if at all. 
a. When the radical of the specific name is the name of a genus which it resembles : 
e. g., Helix naticoides for a species resembling a Natica. 
b. When the radical is the root of the name of another species which the new one 
resembles; e. g., Helix carascaloides, a species like H. carascalensis, or Unio Moquino- 
ides for a species like Unio Moquini. 
One single apparent exception to the compounding of Greek and Latin has been 
consecrated by usage; namely, ovoules from ovum and ei8o<>; this has arisen from the 
absence of euphony in the correct form, ooides ((boy and GSos). (Bourg.) 
D. For subsections or groups of species, the name of the species around which the 
others may naturally be clustered, may be used with the termination iana , as a group 
of species of Helix related to H. pomatia may be indicated by the term Pomatiana. 
(Bourg.) 
E. Avoid, in designating sections, names which have previously been employed for 
genera or sections of other genera. 
Sections are chiefly used in botany, being seldom named in zoological literature. 
Even in botany they are not usually cited in synonymy, and hence it has happened than 
the name of a section has been permitted to exist simultaneously with an identical 
word applied to a genus, or the section of another genus. 
This, however, should be avoided, especially as at some later day, the sections may 
be advanced to subgeneric or generic rank. 
F. When the name of a section is cited it is always announced in conjunction with 
the generic and specific names, and is placed between them in parentheses. (DC.) 
G. In defining new genera or sub-genera, a typical species should always be men- 
tioned to serve as a standard of reference. (B. A.) 
Of Specific Names and Names of Subdivisions of Species. 
OF THEIR FORMATION. 
§XXVI. Each species, even when it is the only one of its genus, is 
designated by the name of the genus to which it belongs followed by a 
name called specific, which consists of a single simple or compound word, 
and has usually the character of an adjective. (DC., Bourg.) 
See also § XXII, A. In certain exceptional cases, such as gall insects, the connection 
by a hyphen of a third word, with tfie specific name proper, when justified by usage, is 
not considered as an infraction of this rule. (Riley.) 
§ XXVII. The specific name should, in general, indicate some feature of 
the appearance, characters, origin, history or properties of the species. 
If it is taken from the name of a person it is usually for the purpose of recalling the 
individual who described, discovered or was in some way connected with it, or with 
the study of the group of which it forms a part. (DC., Bourg.) 
If a mythological personage has furnished a name which has been applied to the 
genus, it is permissible for the species to receive the names of his family or tribe. A 
