212 
FOREST AND STREAM 
RAINBOW OR STEELHEAD 
Dear Forest and Stream : 
A D\’ERTING to Dr. Evermann’s ar- 
ticle, “Rainbow or Steelhead,” in 
the March issue of Eorest and Stream, 
I am convinced that his views in regard 
to the differentiation of the two species 
are entirely correct. Elis conclusions 
are certainly logical and convincing. 
There is one point, however, that has 
been generally overlooked, which I wish 
to refer to, that may confirm or sustain 
Dr. Evermann’s opinions. In determin- 
ing the relativity of species, ichthyolog- 
ists consider, usually, only adult or ma- 
ture fish, without reference to young fry 
or fingerlings, which may, however, ex- 
hibit certain differentials or diagnostic 
characteristics. 
For many years, while superintendent 
of the Federal Fisheries Station at Boze- 
man, Montana, we propagated several 
species of trout, as brook, cut-throat, 
rainbow and steelhead, in addition to 
grayling. The eggs of the brook trout 
were taken from our brood fish, those 
of the cut-throat were collected at our 
auxiliary station at Henry’s Lake, Idaho, 
while the rainbow eggs, presumably from 
the Shasta variety, were obtained from 
the Federal trout hatchery in Oregon, 
and the steelhead eggs were shipped from 
the Federal hatchery at Baker Lake, 
Washington. 
The resultant fingerlings from the eggs 
of these various species of trout all 
showed the individual and characteris- 
tic features of its species, so that at no 
time was there any more difficulty in 
identifying and separating them as be- 
tween adult or mature fish. The rainbow 
fingerlings were as readily separated 
from the steelhead fingerlings as from 
any of the other species mentioned, and 
so, as the English have it, “that’s that.” 
James A. Henshall, Ohio. 
AN ODD FRIENDSHIP 
Dear Eorest and Stream : 
N ot a few examples have been re- 
corded in the western country of 
friendships existing between dogs and 
wolves. Such an example occurred last 
winter in the association of an airedale 
pup, kept at the so-called Gallatin Camp 
on Lodge Grass Creek, near the Little 
Big Horn River in Montana, and a great 
male wolf. 
Apparently no one knows how this 
association began ; but it was the practice 
of the airedale pup to leave camp and 
associate with the wolf, sometimes being 
gone from camp for two days and two 
nights, but usually for a part of the night 
and a few hours in the morning. The 
tracks of the animals were often seen 
and showed plainly where the two had 
run and played on snowdrifts; and often 
when the pup returned to the house for 
food the wolf would stay on a hill near 
the ranch while the puppy was gone. 
The wolf would howl occasionally, and 
the airedale, after a little, would run 
away and join him. The two animals 
were seen together only once. 
One day recently, while Charles Davis 
was out on a hill behind the ranch, the 
wolf and the airedale came back toward 
the ranch. The pup went to the house 
and the wolf lay on the hill on a snow- 
bank and howled once or twice. Davis, 
who was on foot, ran down a ravine and 
then crawled out across a flat and shot 
the wolf lying on the snowbank. 
There have been no indications that 
this wolf attacked stock, unless it may 
have been very young calves. The wolf 
was very old, with worn-out teeth ; and 
it is probable that he subsisted largely on 
small game, such as birds and rabbits or 
on very young animals. At all events, no 
signs of any kills by him have been 
found. The wolf is described as pure 
white, with a broad streak of black ex- 
tending from the ruff of his collar the 
entire length of the back. 
Montana. 
FLORIDA SEINERS 
Dear Forest and Stream : 
I HAVE just read Kingfisher’s letter on 
^ net-fishing in Florida in your February 
number, and I agree with him. Last fall 
I made a canoe trip through the East 
Coast Canal from Jacksonville to Eort 
Pierce. I met a large number of com- 
mercial fishermen who were loud in their 
dislike for the seiners. At the time two 
nets were seized and two companies in- 
dicted, but I believe very little was done 
about it. These nets were placed in the 
inlets, and, of course, this killed the fish- 
ing in the upper Indian River. 
The seiners are fish-hogs and should 
receive the severest punishment not only 
for the sake of fishing, but for the sake 
of the fishermen. Enforcement of the 
present law and the support of sportsmen 
would do much to stop fishing out of 
season. Incidentally, one of the great 
drawbacks to the enforcement of the law 
is the fact that the fishing on the east 
coast is mostly at night. 
In reference to Florida game laws, it 
is hard to get a law that will satisfy both 
residents and tourists. The auto-tourists 
have been the chief offenders, and not 
only that, but they also have made a bad 
reputation for themselves by their care- [ 
lessness. I know that those who are , 
careless of camping grounds arc not j 
true campers and are by no means 
woodsmen, but that does not help the 
innocent and those who take pride in a 
ship-shape camp. We all must suffer with 
the guilty in the estimation of the natives. 
I hope you will continue to support 
good game laws and will continue to 
spea-k of the things that seem unimpor- 
tant, as many people need to be told. 
Fishing was excellent this year, and 
the hunting has been very good. 
Howard Chapel, Florida. 
THE MAGNUM GUN 
Dear Forest and Stream : 
I N early youth I used my father’s gun — j 
a hand-made ten-and-one-half-pound, I 
ten-gauge muzzle loader with laminated 
steel barrels with muzzles as thin as 
heavy paper. The stock was made of I 
heavy selected walnut with cap-box in 1 
the side and the lock and hammer was all j 
engraved with fancy patterns. The loads 
I used when I was- only twelve to six- , 
teen years of age consisted of four and ' 
one-half to four and three-quarter drams 
of black powder and one and one-half 
ounces of shot and it had a killing range 
up to 60 yards. , ' 
As years passed along, I have secured I 
quite a collection of guns and from time 
to time tried many others. My experi- j 
ence with the twelve-gauge leads me to 
state that this gauge as ordinarily found 
on the market can seldom be depended 
upon to kill beyond forty or forty-five 
yards with any degree of regularity. j 
Remembernig my father’s “old shoot- 
ing iron,” I wrote to an American maker 
asking him to build me a heavy, ten- 
gauge for number one and four shot, 
sixty per cent, pattern, in a thirty-inch 
circle at forty yards. Ble replied that he ■ 
would huild me a gun to shoot as speci- 
fied with factory loads. I then wrote him n'. 
that the factory loads as found on the | 
market were not heavy enough to do jus- 
tice to the ten-gauge ; that I wanted a gun 
to shoot four and a half to five drams of 
powder and one and one-half ounces of 
shot. He replied that it was impossible 
to secure steel of such quality to stand ' 
the pressure of the loads desired. I then • 
w'rote him and said- my order could wait ■ 
a year, as there was no immediate hurry. 
His reply stated that he would be com- 
pelled to cancel the order. 
After this experience I felt that my 
chances for securing a long-distance shot 
gun was an impossibility, unless I could : 
pick up some freak gun, which I was un- 
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