495 
November, 1922 
the provisions of game legislation for the use of law- 
enforcement officials and sportsmen. 
It is only by observing the open season dates pub- 
lishea in the bulletin that hunters of migratory game 
birds can avoid violating either Federal or State laws, as 
the Federal regulations operate in many cases to shorten 
the seasons fixed by State statute. 
Comparatively few game laws were passed in 1922, 
and no radical changes were made. A rather compre- 
hensive game law was enacted in Mississippi, but it 
does not become efifective in any county until adopted 
by the county board of supervisors. Earlier opening 
dates were provided for water-fowl in New Mexico and 
for doves in the Carolinas, Mississippi and Louisiana 
but the closing dates in each instance were advanced 
accordingly. A number of changes in State laws, mak- 
ing them conform to Federal limits, were made. 
The Attorney General of New York on August 28 
held inoperative a State law attempting to extend the 
State season on water-fowl beyond the dates provided 
by Federal regulations for the section of the State south 
of the main line of the New York Central and Boston 
and Albany railroads, and that the open season on 
water-fowl throughout the State, outside of Long 
Island, remains as formerly Sept. 16 to Dec. 31. 
New Jersey requires persons hunting woodcock from 
October 1 to November 9 to take out a special license 
costing $2 in addition to the regular hunting license. 
Chinese and ring-necked pheasants are now protected 
throughout the year for an indefinite period in Mary- 
land, where an attempt is being made to establish the 
species. Virginia prohibited the baiting of wild turkeys 
or the taking of their eggs, except for propagating pur- 
poses under permit from the commissioner. The close 
season for quail in Massachusetts has been ccmtinued 
until 1925 in Dukes, Essex, Hampden, Middlesex and 
Nantucket counties. 
The open seasons for big game were reduced in sev- 
eral instances. A law was passed in Virginia sanction- 
ing the practice pf the department of game and inland 
fisheries of establishing game refuges on private lands 
by contract with the owners. All lands so set aside are 
required to be conspicuously posted as State game 
sanctuaries. 
Regulations pertaining to the propagation and sale 
of migratory water-fowl and game are given. The text 
of the Lacey and Migratory-Bird Treaty Acts and 
regulations pertaining to them in this country and also 
in Canada is included. 
ELK HERDS AND WINTER FORAGE 
T he estimated number of elk remaining in two large 
groups in the United States at the present time is 
only about 52,000. To insure the permanence of 
these splendid game animals, which are among the largest 
and finest of all deer, the cooperation and coordination of 
Federal, State, and all other interested agencies is needed. 
The elk of the Yellowstone Park region constitute the 
only really large herds of big game remaining in the United 
States, and although these number about 25,000, they are 
a mere remnant of the great herds which formerly ranged 
from Maine to California. The northern group, which 
ranges within the Yellowstone National Park in summer 
and migrates northward, suffered greatly from the adverse 
conditions of the winter of 1919-20. 
The elk in the southern group are scattered in summer 
at high elevations in the southern part of Yellowstone 
Park, and in the mountains of the Teton, Bridger, Wy- 
oming, and Washakio National Forests. With the first 
heavy snowfall they descend to lower levels, where their 
winter range has become more and more restricted by the 
coming of settlers. Thousands of elk congregate in the 
path of their former migration in the vicinity of the winter 
refuge maintained by the Biological Survey at Jackson, 
Wyo. A winter feeding-ground at this point attracts 
many elk, and it has been found necessary to furnish a 
supply of hay for them. Feeding is not recommended, 
however, where natural winter forage is available. 
The other principal herds remaining on their native 
ranges are the Roosevelt elk, confined to the Olympic 
mountains in northwest Washington, and smaller isolated 
groups, mainly near the Pacific coast, which include the 
valley elk in a small area at the lower end of the San 
Joaquin Valley, California. If an elk is estimated to be 
worth $75, the value of the present herds in the United 
States would be approximately $4,000,000, which is a sub- 
stantial national asset. 
Within the past 10 years .several thousand head of elk 
have been transferred from the Yellowstone Park region 
to localities in many States for restocking purposes. In 
Arizona, where conditions are suitable, these transplanted 
herds are thriving. In other districts it has been demon- 
strated that it is unwise to introduce elk on re.stricted areas 
near farming communities as more or less injury to crops 
occurs and claims for damages are to be expected. 
Adequate winter range, affording sufficient forage, and 
adequate winter protection must be provided if elk are to 
be maintained even in moderate numbers. 
GOOD THINGS IN STORE 
R eaders of forest and stream inform us that 
they like the reading matter we print — that it is 
interesting and instructive, two prime requisites 
demanded by the modern sportsman in the articles he 
reads. We have more material of this nature awaiting 
publication; — In the December number Roland Clark 
will tell about the duck land of the South, illustrated 
with his inimitable wild-fowl etchings, and Raymond 
Thompson will describe a trapping expedition into 
Northern Alberta. Early numbers will contain 
material covering bear-hunting in Alaska, sheep hunt- 
ing in the Rockies and days afield with rabbits, quail 
and grouse. 
Robert Page Lincoln will tell about winter fishing 
through the ice and Louis Rhead will continue his 
articles on the modern methods of taking game fish 
based on an accurate and exhaustive study of their 
food habits. 
C. S. Landis has prepared a series of gun articles that 
every sportsman will welcome as they contain much 
practical advice on the proper gun and load to use on 
different varieties of game under a wide variance of 
field conditions. 
W. L. Lamed is preparing a series of stories for 
Forest and Stream that in narrative interest and wealth 
of pen illustration bids fair to eclipse any of his former 
work and our readers will remember how excellent this 
has been in the past. 
Aside from the usual departments treating of the 
practical side of the outdoors, there will be added a 
page devoted to where to go and what to do each month 
throughout the year. In order to make this page of 
practical benefit to our readers and up to date, we 
would welcome information from those who know of 
fishing and hunting grounds that have been tried out 
by them and found to be worthy. 
Our cover pictures for 1923 have been designed by 
artists who know the outdoors and will depict each 
month some stirring scene that sportsmen will at once 
recognize as true to life and representative of seasonable 
sport throughout the year. 
