554 
Q 
Make a Friend Happy | 
Give a Hawkeye m 
This popular Basket Refriger- g 
atormakesan ideal Christinas ^ 
gift and many time reminder = 
of the donor’s thoughtfulness 
and taste. s 
Built inside and out to withstand = 
the wear and tear of frequent use, 
it retains the same beauty and de- ^ 
pendable usefulness through years = 
of service. So surprisingly eco- = 
nomical, too, because only a small = 
piece of ice keeps food fresh and = 
beverages cool for 24 hours. = 
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HOW 
TO 
Prepaid 
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Sent prepaid to any point in the 
United States, $6.50 in the East; $7.50 
west of the Rocky Mountains. Get 
yours today— foryour own comfort, 
or for your friend’s added enjoy- 
ment. Your money back unless 
completely satisfied. 
Other popular styles are illustrated 
in a free booklet. 
Ask your dealer or write 
Burlington Basket Company 
200 Hawkeye Bldg. 
Burlington, 
Iowa 
H ERE’S the boot you can 
bank on for the hardest 
kind of hiking. On wet ground 
or dry, in rough going or smooth. 
Soft easy-fitting and as near water- 
proof as a leather boot can be. 
RUSSEUS 
‘NEVfR LEAIC 
For first-hand facts about their 
service, comfort and waterproof 
qualities, ask any sportsman who 
has worn 
Russell’s. 
Built to 
measure in 
any height, 
by expert 
bootmakers, 
f r o m the 
best quality 
chrome tan- 
ned leathers. 
Ask your dealer 
for RusseWs — if 
he can*t show 
the deck beams. They are o£ iron, 1/16 
inch by 2 inches, and are fastened to 
each beam with two screws. To make a 
good job, they can also be screwed to the 
decking. 
The deck is made of the same stuff as 
the bottom and runs straight fore and aft 
in as wide boards as you like. A fine 
job will be made if the deck is covered 
with drill laid in wet paint. The edge 
should turn down over the rail, be well 
tacked and covered with a half-round. 
A little piece of brass will serve across 
the nose piece and a brass ring around 
the mast hole. 
The cockpit combing is fastened in 
with brass screws to deck and stringer 
and across the beams. 
We can now take the hull off the 
stocks, and, turning it upside down, 
smooth it off with plane and sandpaper, 
calk and putty the seams and paint it. It 
should have at least three coats of paint 
inside end out. I would suggest grey in- 
side, white outside on the bottom and a 
buff colored deck. 
The floor boards are by 3-inch pine 
or cypress screwed to the floor part of 
the frames, with ^ inch space between 
them. The hole cut out of the middle is 
for the bailing can and sponge. 
Next month we will make the fittings, 
sails and talk over the equipment. 
Dwight S. Simpson, 
New York. 
SHOTGUN GAUGES 
JDECENTLY we have received a num- 
her of inquiries concerning the 
gauge of , a shotgun, the questioners 
sending in the diameter of the bore in 
inches and requesting the gauge. Most 
of guns referred to were muzzle-load- 
ing, made when makers apparently did 
not have any special set of gauges that 
they manufactured. For example, a 
great many muzzle-loading shotguns are 
11 gauge and 13 gauge, something un- 
heard of in a standard shotgun of today. 
Gauges and calibers are entirely dif- 
ferent terms. The diameter of all 
American rifles are given in decimals of 
an inch and this designation has been 
called caliber, a 30 caliber meaning that 
the rifle has a bore 30/100 of an inch in 
diameter. On the other hand gauges 
zvcre not measured in inches but had 
their origin, in muzzle-loading days, 
from the number of spherical balls of 
lead to the pound, the balls of such a 
diameter as to just enter the muzzle of 
the shotgun. The diameter of all gauges, 
then, comes to us from the fact that a 
certain number of lead balls weigh one 
pound. In the tzvelve-gauge, tivelve lead 
balls whose diameter is equal to the 
diameter of the muzzle zveigh one pound; 
the diameter of a lead ball, sixteen of 
zvhich zveigh one pound, gave us the 
sixteen gauge, etc. 
The diagram shozvn zvill give you a 
sufficiently close approximation to the 
gauge if you knozv the diameter in 
inches, or vice versa, if you knozv the 
gauge you can find its approximate 
diameter in ittches. The gauges are 
numbered from 4 to 88. To the right 
Forest and Stream 
of each gauge column you have the inch 
column given in fractions. 
To shozv how it works, let us assume 
we know the gauge of our gun and 
desire to know what its diameter is in 
inches. Take, for example, the 28-gauge 
shotgun. Lay a rider on the line 28 on 
the gauge scale and note where this line 
extended to the right strikes the inch 
scale. At once we see that our gauge is 
betzveen 1/2 and 9/16 of an inch in 
diameter. On closer inspection we see 
that our 28 ga. line divides the dis- 
tance between 1/2 and 9/16 appro.vi- 
mately 2/5ths of the distance above 
the 1/2. This space between 1/2 and 
9/16 represents 1/16 of an inch. 3/5 x 
1/16 = 3/80; therefore 1/2 plus 3/80 
= 43/80 inches, zvhich is the diameter 
of our bore. Reduced to a decimal frac- 
tion 43/80 is equal to .54 (This is very 
close to the true value, .55). 
Nozv assume that you have run across 
an old shotgun the diameter of zvhich 
at the muzzle is 69/100 of an inch, and 
you zvant to know its gauge. On the 
inch scale we find that 69/100 is just a 
hair over 11/16, so that fpr our purpose 
zve can accept the gauge nearest to 
11/16. Extend the line 11/16 to the left 
until it cuts the gauge scale and zve read 
the nearest gauge which is 14. 
[Editors] 
I 
In writing to Advertisers mention Forest and Stream. It will identify you. 
