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Occuring on earth, among mosses over rocks or rarely on rotting wood. 
Cited from the White Mountains and Nicaragua by Wainio, but the writer 
knows the variety only through a specimen sent by Dr. Wainio and collected 
in Brazil. Known also in Africa and Australia. 
Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. var. borbonica (Del.) Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ. 
2:343. 1894. 
Podetia about 5-30 mm. long and. 5-1. 5 mm. in diameter, subcylindrical,. 
cupless or narrowly scyphiform, simple or rarely and sparcely branched, 
straignt or flexuous, commonly sterile, wholly decorticate or more or less 
corticate toward the base, where the corticate areas are then subcontinuous, 
verrucose or areolate, thickly squamulose especially toward the base, and 
the squamules lacerate and more or less sorediate. the podetia also similarly 
sorediate especially toward the apex, or the soredia disappearing, the corti- 
cate portions sometimes more or less waxy, the apices subulate or obtusely 
cornute. Cups about .8-2 mm. wide, sometimes abruptly dilated, subregu- 
lar, margin entire or rarely dentate or proliferous. Apothecia dusky-brown. 
Occurring on old trunks in more or less sunny places and on the naked 
sides of mountains. Cited from Mexico by Wainio, but the writer has not 
seen the plant. Also from South America, Australia, southern Asia and 
Africa. 
Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. var. chlorophaeoides Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ, 
2:336. 1894. 
Podetia about 5-50 mm. in length and .5-3 mm. in diameter, tubaeform 
or rarely subturbinate, scyphiform, suberect and usually straight, wholly 
decorticate and minutely and densely sorediate, or the soredia finally disap- 
pearing wholly or in part, without squamules or minutely isidioid-squamulose- 
toward the base, or even bearing larger squamules here, more or less dis- 
tinctly waxy in appearance. Cups well developed, about 1-12 mm. in diam- 
eter, somewhat abruptly or rarely more gradually dilated, commonly 
regular, margin entire or rarely dentate, the cavity decorticate and sorediate. 
Apothecia borne on the margin of the cups, on pedicels which are 1-8 mm. 
long, solitary or radiately arranged, brown, varying toward reddish or yel- 
lowish. 
Occurring on earth, rocks or rotting trunks of trees. Reported from 
Mexico and Nicaragua by Dr. Wainio. Not known to the writer. Also 
found in South America, Africa and Australia. Thus this variety and the 
last above seem to be southern forms, not likely to occur in North America, 
except in the most southern portions. 
Aside from the collections of the writer, mainly in Iowa and Minnesota, 
the material which he has examined, or cited on authority of Dr. Wainio, was 
collected for the most part by W. G. Farlow, H. Willey and Clara E. Cum- 
mings in New England; A. C. Waghorne, in Newfoundland; J. Macoun, in 
Canada: C. F. Baker, in Colorado; A. A. Heller, in Idaho; E. E. Bogue, in 
Ohio; H. E. Hasse, in California, and G. P. Clinton, in Illinois. The plants 
photographed from Europe were collected by L. Scriba, of Hochst in Ger- 
many, whose plants are among the best that come to us and ape largely 
determined or examined by Dr. Wainio. Grinnell, Iowa. 
