—26 — 
occur to the south also and have a very general North American distribu- 
tion, Known also in Europe, Asia and Australia. 
Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. var. apolepta (Ach.) Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ. 
2:307. 1894. 
Podetia commonly quite short, cupless or narrowly or abortively scyphi 
form, wholly decorticate and sorediate, or corticate toward the base and 
rarely below the apothecia, which are rare and brown, brick-colored, or pale. 
The podetia rather shorter and more slender than the last, lighter in color 
and more frequently squamulose. 
The last sentence'above is based on six or seven specimens examined by 
Dr. Wainio, mostly from Minnesota. The habitat is as that of the last, and 
the writer freely admits that he can not distinguish between the two from 
any description at hand and only in the best marked specimens. It may 
well be doubted whether the two should be separated, and this view is 
strengthened by a perusal of Dr. Wainio’s descriptions. Material which 
seems nearer the present form has been examined from Minnesota, Iowa, 
New England, Ohio, Illinois and California, and the North American and 
foreign distribution is doubtless about the same as that of the last. 
Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. var. ochrochlora (Flk.) Wainio Mon. Clad. 
Univ. 2:319. 1894. 
Podetia commonly rather short, about 5-40 mm. in length, cylindrical or 
tubaeform, cupless or scyphiform, rarely more or less rimose, sometimes 
more or less flexuous, frequently more or less squamulose, partly decorticate 
and sorediate and in part corticate, especially toward the base and below 
the apothecia, or §ome of the podetia wholly decorticate, the sterile apices 
cornute or subulate. Cups abortive or rarely well developed and dentate or 
proliferate, the proliferations sometimes numerous, ranks one to three, the 
lower longer; cavity of cups commonly sorediate. Apothecia rather rare, 
and of medium size, about .7-4 mm. in diameter, solitary or more less con- 
glomerate at the ends of the podetia or sessile on the margin of the cups, 
brown, brick-colored or pale. 
The plant occurs on old wood and among mosses over rocks, especially 
in more or less shaded places. Dr. F. Arnold listed this variety from sev- 
eral localities in Newfoundland, and Dr. Wainio credits it from Massachu- 
setts, Washington and California. American specimens have not been seen 
by the writer. Known in all of the grand divisions. 
Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. var. Balfourii (Cromb.) Wainio Mon. Clad. 
Univ. 2 : 339. 1894, 
Podetia about 5-25 mm. long and. 5-1. 5 mm. in diameter, cupless and 
cylindrical, simple or rarely and sparcely branched toward the apex, erect or 
suberect, straight or rarely subflexuous, wholly decorticate or rarely corti- 
cate or subcorticate toward the base, the decorticate portions most com- 
monly minutely and densely sorediate, without squamules or rarely more or 
less squamulose toward the base, more or less dull-waxy in appearance, 
especially when damp, the sterile apices narrowly subulate or obtusely 
cornute. Apothecia brownish or rarely pale. 
