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writer is all from the northern half of Minnesota, where the plant is quite 
frequently seen. Wainio cites the variety from Vancouver Island and from 
the White Mountains. Probably not infrequent from Minnesota eastward 
about the Great Lakes into the mountains of New England and northward 
in British America. Known in all of the grand divisions. 
Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. var. nemoxyna (Ach.) Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ. 
2:295. 1894. 
Podetia commonly 25-90 mm. long, scyphiform or subscyphiform, two or 
three ranked, the sterile apices abortively scyphiform, cornute or subulate, 
suberect or more or less flexuous, wholly decorticate and sorediate, or the 
basal half (more or less) variously areolate or verrucose corticate as also at 
the b&se of the apothecia and the} proliferations, without squamules, or 
squamulose toward the base and below the cups, or the whole podetium very 
rarely and sparsely squamulose. Cups small or abortive, 1-3.5 mm. in diam- 
eter, gradually or somewhat abruptly dilated, commonly becoming irregular, 
the margin dentate or proliferate, the proliferations one or more and short or 
quite elongated. Apothecia rare, and sessile or on pedicels on the margins 
of the cups. Dr. Wainio would refer all of our material to the subvariety, 
fibula (Ach.) Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ. 2:300. 1894. In this the podetia are 
commonly?- simple and scarcely ever exceed 50 mm. in length, and the cups 
are more regular and scarcely ever proliferate. 
On shaded earth, especially on thin soil over rocks in woods. Known to 
the writer only through his specimens from the northern half of Minnesota, 
where the variety is rather rare. Cited from New Bedford, Massachusetts, 
by Wainio. Apparently not a common variety anywhere, but still recorded 
from all of the grand divisions. 
Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. var. coniocraea (Flk. ) Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ- 
2:308. 1894. Plate III. Fig. 6. 
Podetia rather short, commonly 5-25 mm. long and 1-2 mm. diameter, 
cupless and cylindrical or abortively scyphiform, simple or rarely and 
sparsely short-branched toward the apex, the sterile apices subulate, 
cornute or abortively scyphiform, commonly straight and erect, but some, 
times flexuous, wholly decorticate and sorediate, or corticate toward the base 
and rarely below the cups: the cortex subcontinuous or areolate- verrucose, 
without squamules or more or less squamulose, especially toward the base. 
Cups rare and small or abortive, 1-2 mm. in diameter, terminal with an 
entire or at least non-proliferous margin. Apothecia rather rare, at the apex 
of the podetia or on the margin of the cups, subsolitary and on very short 
' pedicels. 
Commonly on old and rotting wood or among mosses over rocks. The 
writer finds the plant generally distributed over Minnesota and Iowa, and 
has examined it from Newfoundland, New England, Ohio, Illinois and Col- 
orado. Some material from California also seems quite as much at home 
here as in the next, This and the next include a large part of C. fimbriata 
var. tubaeformis of Tuckerman’s manual, and no doubt both of the varieties 
