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widely distributed in Europe, but Wainio gives only five stations. Known 
also in South America and Asia, but hardly a common lichen in any country 
as yet. 
Cladonia fimbriata (L.)Fr. var. cornutoradiata Coem. Clad. Ach. 40. 1865. 
Plate III. Fig. 3. 
Podetia elongated (ours and European material seen 30-50 mm. long), 
sometimes bearing narrowed or abortive cups, simple or branched and the 
branches cornuteor scyphiform, destitute of squamulesor squamulose toward 
the base, decorticate and sorediate, or corticate toward the base and rarely 
also below the cups, the cavity of the cups also sorediate. 
The specimens collected by the writer at Kettle Falls and at Tower, 
both in northern Minnesota, 'grew on earth, and the same is true of the only 
European specimen seen by the writer. Not likely to occur on decaying 
wood. Not known elsewhere in North America, and in foreign countries 
only in Europe. Known to us through the kindness of Dr. Wainio, who 
determined one of the collections from Minnesota. 
Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. var. radiata (Schreb.) Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ. 
2:277. 1894. Plate III. Fig. 4. 
Podetia commonly elongated, 17-75 mm„ in length, scyphiform, elong- 
ate-turbinate or subtubaeform, frequently more than one-ranked and the 
sterile apices cornute, subulate or rarely obsoletely scyphiform, commonly 
straight and suberect, wholly decorticate and sorediate, or corticate and 
minutely areolate or verrucose toward the base, without squamules or rarely 
squamulose, especially toward the base. Cups rather small, 2-5 mm. in 
diameter, gradually or quite abruptly dilated, regular or irregular, the mar- 
gins dentate to proliferate, the proliferations one to several and elongated 
or quite short, often two or three ranked. Apothecia rare, sessile or rarely 
short pedicellate on the margins of the cups. 
Usually occurring on earth or mossy rocks, but once collected by the 
writer on rotten wood. Examined from Minnesota and Newfoundland. 
Credited by Wainio from Kotzebue’s Sound, from Canada, from the White 
Mountains and from California. These widely separate localities would 
seem to give the variety a wide distribution throughout the northern portion 
of the U nited States and in British America. Known in all of the grand divis- 
ions except South America. 
Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. var. subulata (L.) Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ. 
2:282. 1894. Plate III. Fig. 5. 
Podetia much elongated, 30-100 mm. in length, almost always cupless, 
cylindrical, simple or variously branched, the sterile apices obtusely cornute 
or subulate, erect and straight, or flexuous especially toward the apex, wholly 
decorticate and sorediate, or areolate or subcontinuously corticate toward 
the base, without squamules or more or less squamulose, especially toward 
the base. Apothecia rare, at the apices of the podetia. 
The plant occurs on earth, especially over rocks on thin soil. Said to 
occur rarely on rotting wood. The American material examined by the 
