-22 — 
bring out the varietal characters better. Some of the figures are from Euro- 
pean plants, these having been selected because better specimens from 
which to secure the photographs. 
Concerning some of the twelve varieties recorded below, they are either 
rare in North America or little is known of their distribution. A large amount 
of material in various herbaria the writer has not been able to see, apd some of 
this would no doubt throw much light on the matter of distribution, especially 
that of Tuckerman’s collection in New England. Passing to descriptions, 
the general description of the species will be given first, followed by shorter 
diagnoses of the varieties and such statements regarding distribution as can 
be made in the present state of knowledge of the species. 
Fig. 7. Cladonia fimbriata X 2. 
Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. Lich. Eur. Ref. 222. 1831. Fig. 7. 
Primary thallus commonly persistent, composed of digitately or irregu- 
larly incised or lobate, flat or concave, frequently involute or convolute, 
ascending, clustered or scattered, medium sized squamules, which are 2-9 
mm. long and nearly or quite as wide, sea-green above or varying toward 
■olivaceous or whitish, below whitish or darkening toward the base and the 
whole lower surface and edges sometimes sorediate-granulate. Podetia aris- 
ing from the surface of the squamules, 4-100 mm. long and .5-3-5 mm. in 
diameter, cylindrical to tubaeform or rarely turbinate, the sides rarely 
rimose, commonly occurring in larger or smaller clusters, erect or rarely 
ascending or irregularly curved, commonly decorticate and more or less 
sorediate, or areolate or verrucose-corticate toward the base, or the basal 
corticate portions even subcontinuous, destitute of squamules or more or less 
squamulose, especially toward the base, sea-green varying toward whitish 
or brownish, the decorticate portions commonly whitish, sometimes cup- 
