THE BRYOLOGIST. 
Vol. VII. 
July, 1904. 
No. 4. 
FURTHER NOTES ON CLADONIAS.— III. 
Cladonia furcata and Cladonia crispata. 
Bruce Fink. 
After Cladonia ft7nbriata, perhaps the assemblage of lichens included in 
the two species in the above title are as troublesome as any. However, 
Tuckerman, in his treatment of the various forms of these two species, came 
much nearer to a correct solution than he did with regard to C. fimbriata , 
the species treated in the last paper of this series (Bryologist, 7 :2. 1904). 
Indeed, though C. furcata var. crispata of Tuckerman’s “Synopsis” has 
seemed difficult to trace, and though C. furcata var. pungens has seemed 
hardly to belong with the species, yet the disposition has been as a whole 
fairly satisfactory. Wainio has seen fit to remove the latter variety from the 
species, placing it with Cladonia rang if or mis, and this appears surely to be 
an improvement. The former variety Wainio has also removed from the 
species under the name, Cladonia crispata.. This species as viewed by 
Wainio seems to be well represented in Europe, where there are quite a 
number of varieties. However, in America, we have as yet only two of the 
varieties, and there is room for doubt as to whether, for our purpose, it is 
best to consider these forms as distinct from Cladonia furcata. Indeed, our 
Cladonia crispata var. infundibulifera seems very near to Cladonia fur- 
cata var. paradoxa, and further study is necessary to decide whether 
Wainio's view is the best one. But, though there may be some doubt as to 
best disposition of the puzzling Clado?iia crispata , the study of the Minne- 
sota Cladonias has brought to light one new variety within the two species, 
two others not previously known in North America, and still another known 
only through a single specimen collected many years ago by Tuckerman. 
Regarding the illustrations, we are fortunate enough this time to be 
able to give them all from material that has been examined by Dr. Wainio. As 
to the American distribution of the varieties, it will be readily seen that with 
the exception of two of the first species, little is definitely known. A large 
amount of material in various herbaria I have not been able to examine, and 
a study of this would add greatly to the distribution. For the sake of the 
information to be gained, I should be willing to examine the material in any 
herbarium under either of the specific names given in our title above, and 
should likewise gladly examine material recorded as Cladonia fijnbriata, 
the species treated in the last paper of the series. However, this would still 
leave untouched any material belonging to these three species, but placed 
elsewhere in various herbaria. With this much of preliminary statement, 
we may now consider the various forms of the two species. 
The May BRYOLOGIST was issued May 2nd, 1904. 
