— 55 — 
Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad. var. racemosa (Hoffm.) Flk. Clad. 
Comm. 152, 1828. Plate VII. Fig. 1. 
Podetia of the full length of the species or even reaching 150 mm., 
dichotomously or in part subradiately branched especially toward the apex, 
cylindrical or subcyclindrical, slightly or considerably thickened at the fre- 
quently cleft or plainly open axils, the sides closed or more or less open in 
places, without squamules or squamulous toward the base, cortex subcon- 
tinuous or more or less areolate, color as above or perhaps more inclined 
toward variegated conditions. Apothecia quite commonly present and on 
corymbose or cymose branches. 
Dr. Wainio says, “ In America septentrionali haud est rara,” basing 
his statement upon the distribution given in Tuckerman’s “ Synopsis,” and 
citing Nos. 32 and 33 of Tuckerman’s “ Lichenes Americani septentrionalis,” 
these two numbers coming from the White Mountains. Though the view of 
the two men regarding the variety is not quite the same, we may perhaps 
accept Tuckerman’s statement that the variety is general in its northern dis- 
tribution, also “probably occurring in the southern states, at least in the 
mountains.” However, the variety is not common where I have collected in the 
west, and of all the material sent Dr. Wainio, he places here only the plant col- 
lected in 1848 by C. C. Parry (Fink, B. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 2:137. 1895), 
and of this Wainio says, “ C. furcatav . racemosa in v. Finkii transiens.” Cal- 
kins’ “North American Lichens,” No. 93, from Tennessee, and “ Lichenes 
Boreali-Americani,” Nos. 61 and 184, from Virginia and New Hampshire, are 
good representatives of the variety, though the varietal characters are by no 
means well shown in all the specimens sent out under these numbers. Also 
a plant from Delaware, collected by A. Commons belongs here, but also 
approaches var. Finkii. I have collected the variety at Cambridge, Massa- 
chusetts, and have it from the White Mountains, collected by W. G. Farlow. 
Thus the typical specimens seem to come from the east, and there is much 
doubt about the western distribution. Finally the variety is often confused 
with plants of other species such as Cladonia rangiferina and the two allied 
species, and also Cladonia amanrocraea. Known in all of the grand divi- 
sions except Africa. 
Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad. var. Finkii Wainio Minn. Bot. Stud. 
3:217. 1903. Plate VII. Fig 2. 
Podetia rather stout and from 15 to 75 mm. in length and 1 to. 3 mm. in 
diameter, scyphiform and frequently two or three ranked, cortex subcon- 
tinuous, usually more or less squamulose even toward the top, whitish sea- 
green or slightly olivaceous, ultimate branches sometimes quite similar to 
those of var. racemosa but more irregular, quite commonly fruited. Cups 
irregular and sometimes perforate, commonly proliferate and the cups of the 
upper ranks not often developed. Apothecia quite commonly present and 
of the usual size, color and form, occurring frequently clustered and also 
rarely perforate. 
Dr. Wainio has failed to send a description, and I have been obliged to 
supply the above. However, Wainio states as follows, “ Scyphifera te 
