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analoga f. ftaradoxcie Wainio, in quam transit, et e var. racemosa est evo- 
luta, et in colore congruens.” 
Examined by Wainio from several localities along or near the northern 
boundary of Minnesota (Minn. Bot. Stud. 3 : 217. 1903). Also Nos. 767 and 
914 in Minn. Bot. 2:264. 1899, are intermediate between this variety and 
the last, and are very similar to the C. C. Parry plant examined by Wainio. 
Not known elsewhere. 
Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad. var. pinnata (Flk.) Wainio Mon. Clad. 
.Univ. 1 :332. 1887. Plate VII. Fig. 3. 
Podetia rather long and stout, the branching and condition of the axils 
much as in the next, but usually even less conspicuously branched toward 
the apex where the sterile branches are more commonly narrowly subulate, 
rarely decorticate in part, more or less squamulose even toward the top with 
incised or lobate-crenate squamules, more commonly whitish or sea-green, 
not isidioid or sorediate as in the next. Apothecia as usual, but not common 
except in the subvariety iruncata Flk. Clad. Comm. 145. 1828, to which Dr. 
Wainio referred my specimen from Minnesota, and which has more obtuse 
apices of the ultimate branches. 
Besides my Minnesota form referred to the subvariety, Dr. Wainio 
examined a plant from Chester, South Carolina, by H. A. Green, which he 
referred to the variety and which is figured. Also credited by Wainio from 
Great Bear Lake, Vancouver Island, New York and Mexico. Though the 
plant is little known, the widely separate localities would seem to indicate 
a general North American distribution. Known in all the grand divisions 
except Africa. 
Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad. var. scabriuscula (Del.) Wainio Mon. 
Clad. Univ. 1:339. 1887. Plate VII. Fig. 4. 
Podetia rather straight and sparingly dichotomously branched (espe- 
cially toward the apex), apices usually subulate, more or less isidioid or 
sorediate and also commonly sparingly or even densely squamulose, fre- 
quently also with the cortex more or less broken or even partly decorticate, 
usually whitish to sea-green. Apothecia apparently rare, and scarcely ever 
present on our American specimens. 
Dr. Wainio has determined this for me from Minnesota and Iowa, the 
Iowa plant having been distributed by me in 1894-5 in the “Lichens of 
Iowa ” as var. racemosa , after comparing with material in the Tuckerman 
herbarium at Harvard. Of this material Wainio says, “ Cladonia furcata 
X C. furcata v. scabriuscula but I think that my, plants distributed all 
show the varietal characters clearly. Numbers 47 and 51 of Macoun’s 
“ Canadian Lichens ” I find to be this variety, and I have received it from 
Newfoundland through A. E. Waghorne. Wainio credits the variety from 
New Bedford, Massachusetts, under the subvarietal name C. furcata var. 
scabriuscula , forma farinacea Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ. 1 1339. 1887, but I 
have not seen this form. Not known elsewhere in North America. Known 
in all the grand divisions except Africa. 
