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commonly more than one ranked. Apothecia small, .5-. 7 in diameter, at 
the apices of short branches or at the ends of the proliferations of the cups, 
subsolitary or subcorymbosely aggregated, immarginate or with thin mar- 
gin, flat or convex, brown or rarely brick-red. Hypothecium pale. 
Hymenium pale or pale-brownish below and brownish above. Paraphyses' 
commonly simple, thickened but usually pale at the apex. Asci cylindrico- 
clavate, the apical wall thickened. 
The same in part as Cladonia furcata var. crispata of Tuckerman’s 
“Synopsis,” and Dr. Wainio credits it from Great Slave Lake, British 
Columbia, Rocky Mountains, Wisconsin, California and Massachusetts, and 
has determined it for me from Minnesota. This gives a general distribu- 
tion throughout northern United States and northward. Known in all the 
grand divisions except Africa. 
Cladonia crispata (Ach.) Fit. var. 
infundibulifera (Schaer. ) Wainio 
Mon. Clad. Univ. 1:382. 1887. Fig. 2. 
Podetia rather longer and stouter, 
sometimes squamulose toward the 
base, scyphiform, sometimes two or 
three ranked. Cups perforate, com- 
monly abruptly dilated, 3-6 mm. 
wide, regular or finally oblique, radi- 
ate or proliferate. Apothecia on the 
proliferations or on short pedicels on 
the margins of the cups. 
Dr. Wainio has determined this 
variety for me from northern Minne- 
sota, where I have made three collec- 
Fig. 2. Cladonia crispata var. tions, and refers number 31 of Tucker- 
infundibulifera X i- man's “ Lichenes Americani septen- 
trionalis ” here. Not known elsewhere from North America. Tuckerman’s 
number 31 was collected in the White Mountains. Known also in Europe. 
Cladonia crispata (Ach.) Fit. var. subcrispata (Nyl.) Wainio Mon. Clad- 
Univ. 1 1385. 1887. 
Podetia about 45 mm. long, scyphiform, sparsely squamulose, suberect 
or recurved, sea-green. Cups with the cavity usually closed or rarely cri- 
brose or perforate, quite regular in form, sometimes irregularly perforate or 
radiate. Apothecia on corymbrose branches or on the margins of the cups. 
Dr. Wainio regards this a strictly North American variety, his note on 
distribution being as follows, “In partibus Britannicis Americae septen- 
trionalis,” but the form is wholly unknown to me. 
The material examined is as before from my own collecting, or from my 
herbarium or the very full one at the University of Minnesota, and was col- 
lected by Farlow, Seymour, Miss Cummings, Willey, Calkins, Eckfeldt, 
Waghorne, Tuckerman, Parry, Green, Commons and otheris. I have again 
found the European material sent by L. Scriba very helpful for compari- 
son, but the illustrations are this time all from American plants, ex- 
amined by Dr. Wainio. Grinnell, Iowa. 
