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Pilophorus. This genus is represented by only one well marked species, 
although this has been divided into two or more varieties. It is a northern 
genus and not a common one. There is usually no apparent primary thal- 
lus, the podetia are rather rigid, cylindrical, slightly granular, especially at 
the base, are rarely branched. The color is a grayish or greenish yellow. 
The apothecia are terminal, round and black, solid within. The habitat is 
moist shady rocks in sub-alpine situations. 
Pilophorus cereolus (Ach.) Tuckerm. 
Fig. 3. Primary thallus usually wanting; if 
present is effuse, forming a granular crust; 
podetia simple, rarely branched, erect, pul- 
verulent or granular, much wrinkled. Color 
greenish gray, sometimes almost yellow. 
Apothecia rather large, nearly spherical, 
solitary, terminal, with a blue black disk. 
Found on moist rocks in mountainous 
regions. 
ThamnoHa. This genus is generally 
placed in the same family with Cladonia and 
Pilophorus, although some lichenists do not 
agree with this classification. It is propa- 
gated by soredia, no apothecia having been 
Pilophorus cere- 
olus X 2. 
observed. There is only one species which has been divided into two 
varieties. 
The primary thallus is wanting, the podetia — or secondary thallus — are 
long, very lax, slender and prostrate in some speci- 
mens, swollen and more erect in others, are wider at 
the base, tapering to a point at the top, they are 
somewhat wrinkled, are hollow throughout their 
length. The color varies from a pale straw color 
to a dull blue gray. Found on the ground among 
mosses in alpine and sub-alpine regions. 
Thamnolia vermicularis (Sw.) Schaer. var. subuli- 
formis. Secondary thallus simple or occasionally 
forked, usually wrinkled, prostrate and slender, 
long and very lax, a light straw color, sometimes 
turning to a grayish blue; is found on the ground in 
moist localities . 
In var. taurica the thallus is more erect, less 
wrinkled and whiter than in var. subuliformis ; it 
is swollen and quite pointed at the top. 
T. vermicularis , Fig. 4, is easily recognized because 
of the peculiar form and the habitat of the thallus, 
which does somewhat resemble “white worms.” 
It is an alpine or sub-alpine plant and grows on 
vermicularis X /. 
the ground, frequently with mosses, looking much like some species of fungi. 
