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vania, Maryland, West Virginia, New Jersey, Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, Minne- 
sota, Michigan, California, Missouri, Tennessee, Louisiana, Alabama, 
Florida, Newfoundland and several localities in British America. Macoun’s 
“ Catalogue of Canadian Plants” gives a wide distribution in British Amer- 
ica. Also Clara E. Cummins has examined the plant from Alaska. Neither 
Tuckerman nor Wainio adds to this distribution. The specimens seen were 
collected by W. G. Farlow, Henry Willy, Clara E. Cummings, G. K. Merrill, 
E. A. Burt, Carolyn W. Harris, J. C. Eckfeldt, Emily Eby, T. A. Williams, 
H. A. Green, E. E. Bogue, Bruce Fink, E. L. Harper, H. E. Hasse, Colton 
Russell, W. W. Calkins, A. C. Waghorne and John Macoun. Known in all 
the grand divisions. 
Cladonia verticillata evoluta Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. 83. 1871. Plate XI. 
Fig. 2. 
Primary thallus commonly of smaller squamules. Podetia becoming 
elongated and consisting of several ranks, in ours commonly four to six. 
Examined by Dr. Wainio from my material from Minnesota, where the 
variety is distributed throughout the northern portion of the state. Habitat 
as above. Elsewhere examined by me from Isle Royale in Lake Superior; 
collected by Harper and figured herein ; from Maine, collected by Merrill, 
from New Jersey, collected by Green ; from the Adirondack mountains, 
collected by Mrs. Harris; and from Miquelon Islands, collected by Dela- 
mare. Nothing further can be definitely stated regarding the distribution 
of the variety, but it is probably common enough northward and in the 
mountains southward, and elsewhere in North America rare or absent. But 
we judge from Wainio’s sequence of diagnoses and descriptions that he 
would give this form a general North American and foreign distribution. 
Cladonia verticillata cervicornis (Ach.) Flk. Clad. Conn. 29. 1828. 
Primary thallus persistent, composed of rather large or medium-sized, 
usually densely clustered, laciniate squamules, which are about 5-12 mm. 
long. Podetia rather short and slender for the species, 2-20 mm. long and 
.3-1 mm. in diameter, simple or proliferous from the central portions of the 
cups, or rarely from the margins or even from the sides of the podetia below 
the cups, the ranks 1-3, the upper ranks often without cups and branched 
irregularly, without squamules or squamose about the margins of the cups. 
On humus among rocks or stones or in windy and sunny dry places, 
The only undoubted specimens seen are those collected in Germany by H. 
Sandstede and sent to me by the late Dr. F. Arnold, of Miinchen. However, 
another from our own country sent from Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, by A.B. 
Langlois and placed in the species by Hue, seems to be the variety. The 
whole plant is small, but the squamules are large in proportion, the prolifer- 
ations from the sides of the podetia frequently seen, and more rarely fruited 
ones from the margins of the cups. Wainio credits this form to Greenland, 
Arctic America, New Bedford and the White Mountains. Known in all the 
grand divisions. “ Fere sicut ovoluta distributa est sed rarior,” Wainio 
says. Wainio also states that his Cladonia verticillata subcervicornis Wainio 
