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der than the western. This appears in comparing the figure of Cladonia 
gracilis dilacer at a presented with this paper and collected by Mr. Merrill in 
Knox County, Maine, with that of Cladonia gracilis dilatata figured in 
the last paper of this series, and collected on Isle Royale, in Lake Su- 
perior, by Mr. Edward L. Harper. And it is again shown in comparing the 
form anthocephala, collected by the writer in Minnesota, with any of the 
other figures presented in this paper. Likewise, there is recorded in this 
paper a specimen of Cladonia gracilis elongata from Montana, collected by 
L. H. Pammel, and this also is more inclined to be shorter and runs into 
ordinary forms of the species. Then to the eastward we get other elongated 
varieties than elongata , as recorded below, and these elongated forms seem 
to predominate, at least on Mount Washington. 
Also, Tuckerman states that the plants are paler in lower altitudes as in 
lower portions of Maine, Massachusetts and California. Our forms from 
Minnesota are paler than those collected recently in New England by Mer- 
rill, but it appears also that forms of Cladonia amaurocraea , quite elongated 
and with cups, have been frequently placed under Cladonia gracilis. Such 
forms are thus disposed of in the Tuckerman herbarium at Harvard, and a 
recent specimen collected by W. C. Farlow, on Mount Washington, and 
named Cladonia gracilis , is surely the elongated Cladonia amaurocraea 
and considerably paler than forms of the present species. Also Cladonia 
gracilis chordalis , “ Lichenes Boreali-Americani,” no, 272, seems to be this 
same Cladonia amaurocraea. 
Cladonia gracilis (L.) Willd. FI. Berol, 363. 1787. 
Prinlary thallus usually persistent, composed of irregularly laciniate or 
crenate. somewhat flat, involute or convolute, ascending, clustered or scat- 
tered squamules, which are somewhat incrassate and middling sized, 2-5 mm. 
long and nearly as wide, sea-green varying to olivaceous above, and white 
below or brownish toward the base. Podetia arising from the surface of the 
squamules, 10-75 mm. long and .3-5.5 mm. in diameter, cylindrical and cup- 
less, or more or less narrowly trumpet-shaped and scyphiform, commonly in 
larger or smaller clusters, erect or ascending, the cortex subcontinuous or 
composed of contiguous or scattered areoles. rarely squamulose, the decorti- 
cate portions between the areoles sometimes granulate sorediate, variously 
sea-green, olivaceous, or even reddish-brown, the decorticate portions white, 
sometimes dying below and the dead portions becoming dark colored, sim- 
ple or more or less branched, the sides sometimes more or less rimose or per- 
forate. Cups. 75-6 mm. in diameter, abruptly or gradually dilated, regular 
or irregular, shallow or deep, the margins dentate or proliferate (rarely pro- 
liferate from the centre ?), the ranks from one to five, the lowest rank from 
10-70 mm. long, and when four or five ranks the whole podetium longer 
than stated above. Apothecia medium sized, 1-4.5 nrm. in diameter, usually 
lobate-conglomerate and sometimes perforate, commonly borne on short 
pedicels, which frequently arise singly or in clusters from the margins of the 
cups, thinly margined or more commonly convex and immarginate, pale or 
darker brown. Hypothecium pale. Hymenium pale below and brownish 
