— 39 — 
above. Paraphyses rarely branched, thickened and brownish toward the' 
apex Asci cylindrico-clavate 
Widely distributed over North America in one form or another, and. 
specimens not yet assigned to any of the varieties have been seen by me 
from Massachusetts, Mount Washington, Ontario, Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, 
and Alaska. This indicated a wide distribution throughout northern North. 
America, corresponding thus with the views of Tuckerman and Wamio No 
specimens of the species are known to the writer from the southern half of 
the United States. The plant is known in all of the grand divisions. 
Cladonia gracilis DiLATATA(Hoffm.) Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ. 2:87. 1894. 
Podetia frequently stouter, 1-5 mm. in diameter, scarcely exceeding- 
50 mm. in length and usually much shorter, destitute of squamules or rarely 
squamul-ise toward the base, neither granulose-sorediate nor decorticate,, 
cortex continuous or sometimes areolate. cups quite dilated and subregular, 
the ranks rather short 
Tuckerman’s var. hybrida ' Schaer. is this and the next as he says,, 
“podetia often beset with squamules.” He states that his variety is found 
wherever var. elongata occurs, which is true and more. For the present 
variety and the next occurs at lower altitudes than elongata to the south, and 
also farther south. I have examined material of my own collecting of the 
present variety from Iowa, Minnesota and Massachusetts, and by others as- 
follows: New York (E. A. Burt), White Mountains (H. Willey), Montana 
(R. S Williams), Columbia River and Nova Scotia (J. Macoun), Newfound- 
land (A. C. Waghorne), and Alaska (Kincaid?). Macoun reports var. 
hybrida as very common throughout British America, and his specimens are- 
no doubt nearly all this common variety, rather than the next much rarer 
form. Miss Clara E. Cummings also reports the present variety from. 
Alaska. Reported from all the grand divisions. (See last paper of this- 
series for figure of the variety, with squamules at base and near the next 
below). 
Cladonia gracillis dilacerata Flk. Clad. Comm. 37. 1828. 
Differing from the last in that the podetia are always squamulose else- 
where as well as at the base, and often conspicuously so at the top of the 
podetia among the apothecia. The cups also are rather more inclined to» 
irregular forms than in the last. Cladonia gracilis anthocephala Flk. Clad. 
Comm. 37. 1828, Wainio considers a form of the present with numerous 
squamules at the top of the podetia. Plate IV. Figs. 1 and 2. 
Wainio credits this variety from Greenland and states that Tuck. Lich. 
Amer. Exsic.no. 27 is this in part. He has determined the ordinary form, 
and the one with squamules numerous upward, from northern Minnesota- 
The variety is evidently rare in the United States, and the writer has seen it 
only from Minnesota, of his own collecting, and from Maine (G. K. Merrill)' 
and Yellowstone Park (Aven Nelson). Much rarer and only known, outside 
North America, in Europe. 
Cladonia gracilis chordalis (Flk.) Schaer. Lich. Helv. Spic. 32. 1823. 
Podetia quite slender, subulate, or tubaeform and scyphiform, destitute 
