— 40 — 
of squamules or rarely and very sparsely squamulose, neither granulose nor 
decorticate, cortex continuous or areolate. elongated, 30-140 mm. long and 
only about . 1-2 mm. in diameter, sparingly branched, and the branches at 
least partly subulate, the lowest rank long. Cups narrow, only about 2-5 mm. 
in diameter, regular, or sometimes oblique or irregular, and often radiate or 
proliferate. Plate IV. Fig. 3. 
Wainio credits specimens from Great Bear Lake and Greenland, and 
Tuckerman barely mentions the variety under Clado?iia gracilis elongata 
as a form of that variety. Miss Cummings, found the variety to be common 
in the material examined from Alaska. I have determined it from New- 
foundland (A. C. Waghorne) and from Mount Washington (G. K. Merrill). 
Also from Mt. Ranier region, Washington, 1,500 ft. (T. C. Frye). This 
variety is known in all of the grand divisions. 
Cladonia gracilis aspera Flk. Clad. Comm. 40. 1828. 
Podetia and cups much as in the last, but the podetia usually shorter, 
never exceeding 100 mm. and always squamulose. also rather more slender as 
a whole, and rarely branching more freely. Plate IV. Fig. 4. 
Wainio reports this variety from Miquelon Island, and I have determined 
it from Mount Washington for G. K. Merrill. Nothing more is known of 
North American distribution, but the plant is recognized in Europe, Asia 
and Africa. 
The worth of the variety may be questioned as it seems to stand in 
nearly the same relation to var. chordalis as the form laontera noted below 
-does to Cladonia gracilis elongata. However, there are other slight differ, 
ences than the presence or absence of squamules, at least in some instances, 
and we let the variety stand rather than depart from Wainio’s view with- 
out sufficient study. Varieties chordalis and aspera stand in somewhat the 
same relationship to each other as varieties dilatala and dilacerata , but 
better acquaintance has emphasized the difference between the last two. 
•Cladonia gracilis elongata (Jacq.) Flk. Clad. Comm 38. 18,28. 
Podetia not surpassing the extreme length given for var. chordalis . but 
on the whole longer, averaging about 75 mm. long and chordalis only 50 
mm., likewise plainly stouter, 1-5 mm. in diameter, branching rather less 
frequent than in the last two varieties, but sometimes quite freely branched. 
• destitute of squamules (except in the little-known form laontera ), cortex 
• continuous or areolate, subulate or seyphiform. Cups also as in last two 
varieties, except that they are larger, 2-6 mm, in diameter, or rarely even 12 
mm. Plate IV. Fig. 5. 
Wainio credits the plant from Greenland, Labrador, Kotzebue’s Sound, 
Port Clarence, Vancouver Island, British America, White Mountains and 
western United States. John Macoun lists it from all parts of British 
America, and Miss Cummings reports it as common in Alaska. I have 
examined it from Mount Washington (G. K. Merrill, 4,000-6,000 ft.), Knox 
County, Maine (also by Merrill), the Adirondack Mountains (Carolyn W. Har- 
ris) and from Warm Springs in Montana at 5,000 ft. alt. (L. H. Pammel). 
The squamulose form, Clado 7 iia gracilis lao 7 itera (Del.) Arn. Rehm. Clad 
