IOO — 
If foliaceous or fruticulose, is the thallus gelatinous, membranaceous, 
cartilaginous or coriaceous? Of what form is the margin of the thal- 
lus or its lobes or branches? Is the thallus alike on all sides or is there an 
upper and an under surface? Is the upper or general surface corticate or 
ecorticate (i. e. with or without a cortex), smooth, polished, wrinkled, chan- 
nelled, reticulate, lacunose, pulverulent, granular, tomentose, sorediiferous, 
isidiiferous or otherwise peculiar? What is its color? If sorediiferous or 
isidiiferous is the whole surface covered or only certain portions of it, and 
what form do the soredia or isidia assume? If there is a lower surface differ- 
ing from the upper is it corticate or ecorticate, smooth, wrinkled, pitted, 
veined, fibrillose (i. e. with rhizoids) or otherwise peculiar? If fibrillose, 
what is the color of the rhizoids, and are they simple or branched, few or 
numerous, long or short? Do they extend beyond the margin of the thallus 
as cilia? 
If cladoniceform, is the horizontal thallus crustaceous, squamulose (i. e. 
composed of scale-like lobes or segments), or foliaceous? If crustaceous 
of what form and color is it, and what is the character of the margin and sur- 
face? (See questions given above for crustaceous thallus.) If squamulose 
or foliaceous, what is the form of the squamules or lobes, what is the 
form of the margin, and what the color and character of the surface 
above and below? (See the questions given above for foliaceous thallus.) 
Of what form are the podetia? Are they solid or hollow, and if branched 
what is the form and arrangement of the branches? What is the texture 
and color and what the character of the surface? 
[How are the gonidia arranged in the thallus? Of what form and color, 
are they?*] 
Are the apothecia scuttellseform, lecideine, biatorine, cephaloid, lirel- 
lseform, crateriform or angiocarpous? Are they immersed, innate, adnate, 
sessile or stalked? Upon what part of the thallus are they borne? 
If gymnocarpous, is the exciple entire at the margin, crenate, ciliate 
with fibrills or projections or otherwise peculiar? What is the color of the 
disk when young and when mature, and of what color is the exciple? [Is 
the hypothecium pale or blackened?] 
If angiocarpous, are the apothecia separate and scattered or crowded 
together and immersed in a common receptacle or stroma? [Of what form 
is the perithecium, and is it pale or blackened? Is the amphithecium pale 
or blackened?] 
[Are the paraphyses simple or branched? Are the thekes cylindri- 
cal, club-shaped (clavate), pear-shaped (pyriform), ovoid, globose, or other- 
wise peculiar in form? How many spores are there in a theke? Are the 
spores colorless (pale) or colored? Are they globose, elliptical, ovoid, oblong, 
cylindrical, fusiform, dactyloid, cymbiform, acicular or of some intermediate 
form? Are they simple, bi- quadri- or plurilocular, polar-bilocular or muri- 
form? What are the extremes of length and breadth in micromillimeters?] 
*The questions enclosed in brackets call for the use of the compound microscope, and 
although here placed in logical sequence among the others, had better be taken up by 
the student all together at the end. 
