— Ill — 
v. evoluta f. apoticta (Ach ) Wainio. 
m. cervicornis (Ach.) Flk. 
m. abbreviata Wainio. 
C. verticillata evoluta Th. Fr. is well described in Prof. Fink’s article 
1 . c. under the specific definition of C. verticillata , and our notes are intended 
to be but supplementary. Quoting from Th. M. Fries, Lich, Scan. Pt. I- p. 
83, in diagnosis of the species “ podetia breviscula ” is given as a characteris- 
tic. Our American plants are often of very robust habit and considerable 
height. Podetia has been noted 70 mm. in length. While simple forms are 
frequently found, this condition if abundant may be taken for abortive. The 
plants are normally three to five ranked, and eleven were counted in a speci- 
men from Prof. Macoun. The cups are variable in diameter, very narrow 
in the terminating scyphus and at times reaching 20 mm. with the first rank. 
Podetia are often found proliferating from the sides as well as from the cups. 
These are observed to take an initial direction at right angles to that of the 
podetia, at length if the plant is erect bending to conform. If the parent 
podetia is deflected the proliferations no longer conform but assume a per- 
pendicular. Instances have been noted where branches originating on the 
under side of a bent podetia recurved to an upright position. Krempelhuber 
nominated this phase of development as f. lateralis (Lich. Bay. p. 107.). In 
this connection it may be of interest to record that Schaerer (Enu. p. 195) 
called those plants proliferous from the center of the cups, f. centralis , from 
the margins, f. marginalis and F. aggregata (Del.) Malbr. (Supp. Lich. 
Norm. p. 11) was applied to such as were numerously proliferate from within 
the scyphus. The variety evoluta is well represented by Plate XI, fig. 2, 
accompanying Prof. Fink’s article 1 . c. , and it is difficult to conceive of any 
other place for Fig. 1 from the point of view developed by Wainio. It may 
be said for the benefit of the students that (sensu Wainio) the nomination 
C. verticillata per se stands for the entire group. No type form is recog- 
nized and the varying phases of the plant are referred to some one of the 
varieties, forms or modifications or to transitional states between. Prof. 
Fink's article gives a wide distribution for the variety, we can add nothing 
to it. 
C. verticillata evoluta m. phyllocefthala Flot. is differentiated princi- 
pally from v. evoluta by the podetia being more or less squamulose, often 
densely so within the cups. Corticated the same and proliferating similarly 
its divergence from evoluta is controlled by external influences. Symphy- 
carpous states (evidently abortive) are often met with and suggest the 
idea that similar conditions of other species are likewise abortive. The 
phenomena of foliolose development in the Cladoniaea is little understood. 
Two forms are noted, the first (pseudo-foliola) formed by breaking up the cor- 
tical tissue into irregular leaf-like expansions. The second (true-squamae) 
either originating with the podetia, or, initially extrinsic, and communicated 
through agencies yet undefined from plants normally squamulose to those 
usually free. Instances have been noted of Cladonia colonies comprising 
several species in which all were beset with squamae, when only one mem- 
