464 
SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA. 
5. Perfoliatum. Lin. 
S. caule tetragono, 
laevi; foliis oppositis, 
connatis, ovatis, serra- 
tis. 
Stem four-angled, 
smooth; leaves oppo- 
site, connate, ovate, 
serrate. 
Sp. pi. 3. p. 2331. Pursh, 2. p. 577. Nutt. 2. p. 183. 
Stem about six feet high, four-angled, smooth. Leaves opposite, ovate 
or deltoid, serrate, opposite and perfoliate with decurrent petioles, the upper 
sessile, very broad, perfoliate. Peduncle terminal and from the axil of the 
highest leaves. Involucrum squarrose, scales obtuse. Florets of the ray 
twenty-four. Lin. 
Grows in the mountains, Pennsylvania to Carolina. Pursh. 
Flowers July to October. 
6. Connatum. Lin. 
S. caule tereti, his- 
pido; foliis oppositis, 
connatis, remote serra- 
tis, scabris. 
Sp. pi. 3. p. 2332. Mich. 2. p. 
183. 
Stem terete, hispid; 
leaves opposite, con- 
nate, remotely serrate, 
scabrous. 
146. Pursh, 2. p. 578. Nutt. 2. p. 
Stem about six feet high, erect, simple, terete, (obscurely angled near the 
base,) scabrous with deflected hairs. Leaves opposite, connate perfoliate, 
ovate oblong, sessile, (not united by perfoliate petioles as the S. Perfolia- 
tum) scabrous, rather acute, serrate. Panicle terminal, dichotomous. In- 
volucrum squarrose, the scale ovate, obtuse, smooth, reflected at the summit. 
Florets of the ray twelve. Lin. 
I have used the description given by Linnaeus of this and the preceding 
species, because I had no specimens on which I could depend, or rather 
which agreed with the Linnaean plant. 
Grows on the high mountains of Carolina, Pursh. 
Flowers August — September. 
