466 
SYNGENESIA NECESSAR1A* 
Stem about two feet high, slightly angled, glabrous. Root leaves oblong 
lanceolate, on petioles one to two inches long. Lower stem leaves oval 
lanceolate, on short petioles which are connate at base; the upper closely 
sessile, ovate, the highest almost cordate, all glabrous, slightly acuminate, 
finely fringed and all but the uppermost serrate. Flowers rather small, in 
a somewhat compact corymb. Scales of the involucrum ovate, ciliate, the 
exterior much smaller than the interior, rather acute. The leaves of this 
species are intensely bitter. 
Pursh’s description was made from plants collected by Mr. Enslen in 
Georgia between Savannah and Louisville. My specimens were collected 
in the western districts of Georgia. 
Flowers August — September. 
9. ScABERRIMUM. E. 
S. caule subangula- 
to, angulis superne sca- 
bris; foliis ovatis, sub- 
acurainatis, serratis, 
rigidis, utrinque sca- 
berrimis, breviter peti- 
olatis; floribus subco- 
rymbosis; involucri 
squarais ovatis. ciliatis. 
E. 
Stem somewhat an- 
gled, the angle rough 
towards the summit; 
leaves ovate, slightly 
acuminate, serrate, ri- 
gid, scabrous on both 
surfaces, on short peti- 
oles; flowers coryniT 
bose; scales of the in- 
volucrum ovate, ciliate. 
Stem three to four feet high, very robust, angled when young, becoming 
terete and glabrous when old. Leaves on short petioles which as usual in 
this genus, are somewhat connate, three to four inches long, rather more 
than two wide, acutely serrate, resembling those of a rough leaved Helian- 
thus. Flowers in a somewhat compact corymb. The exterior scales of 
the involucrum comparatively small, rather acute, scarcely scabrous. Flo- 
rets of the ray twelve to fourteen, about an inch long. Seed nearly circular, 
winged, deeply emarginate. 
Grows in the western districts of Georgia. 
Flowers August — September. 
10. Trifoliatum. Lin. 
S. caule 6-angulato, 
laevi; foliis terno verti- 
cillatis, ovato-lanceo- 
Stem six- angled, 
smooth; leaves verti- 
cillate by threes, ovate- 
