472 
SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA. 
ternate, hairy, scabrous, ovate, three to five lobed, tapering at base into a 
petiole with sinuate wings two to three inches long. Flowers in a loose 
terminal panicle, the branches opposite or ternate. Exterior scales of the 
involucrum much larger, the interior ovate, ciliate, somewhat scabrous, the 
interior lanceolate, acuminate, villous, embracing the germs, and forming in 
fact only the exterior series of the scales of the receptacle. Florets of the 
ray ten, lanceolate, three-toothed, yellow, about an inch long; of the disk 
very numerous. Seeds nearly spherical, somewhat compressed, glabrous. 
Receptacle flat, chaffy. 
Grows in dry soils — in old pastures common. 
Flowers June — August. 
CHRYSOGONUM. Gen. Pl. 1337. 
Involucrum 5-phyl- 
lum. Receptaculum 
paleaceum. Pappus 
1-phyllus, 3-dentatus. 
Semina caliculo 4- 
phyllo involuta. 
Involucrum 5-Ieav- 
ed. Receptacle chaffy. 
Pappus 1-leaved, 3- 
toothed. Seed enfold- 
ed in a 4-leaved calyx. 
1. VlRGINIANIJM. 
Sp. pl. 3. 2337. Walt. p. 217. Mich. 2. p. 148. Pursh, 2. p. 579. 
Nutt. 2. p. 184. 
Root perennial, stoloniferous. Stem six to twelve inches long, decum- 
bent, very villous. Leaves opposite, oblong, lanceolate or oval, crenately 
toothed, triplinerved, tapering to a long petiole, villous. Flowers solitary, 
generally terminal. Scales of the involucrum five, oblong, somewhat ellip- 
tic, villous. Florets of the ray five, five to eight lines long, wide, yellow; 
of the disk numerous. Seed four-angled, compressed, a little hairy, crowned 
at the summit with a short three-toothed pappus, open or divided on the 
interior side, and enveloped by a four-leaved calyx, of which the exterior 
leaf is large and infolds the seed and the other three. 
Grows in rich dry soils, creeping on the surface. 
Flowers April — June. 
GYMNOSTYLES. Jussieu. 
Calyx polyphyllus 
ordine simplici. Flos- 
culi foeminei apetali. 
Calyx many leaved 
in a simple series. Fe- 
male florets apetalous. 
