MONOECIA MONADELPHIA. 
637 
Grows in damp soils and those that are partially mingled with other for- 
est trees. Much of the land bearing this pine is fertile, and becomes produc- 
tive when well drained and broken up. 
Flowers early in April. 
7. Palustris. 
P. foliis ternis, lon- 
gissimis, stipulis pinna- 
tifklis, ramentaceis, per- 
sistentibus; stxobilis 
subcylindraceis muri- 
catis. 
Leaves by threes, 
very long; stipules pin- 
natifid, ramentaceous, 
persistent; cones some- 
what cylindrical, inuri- 
cate; 
Sp. pi. 4. p. 449- Walt. p. 237- Mien. 2. p. 204. Fursh, 2. p. 644 
Nutt. 2. p. 223. 
Icon. P. Australis, Mich. arb. for. 1. p. 64. 
This fine tree generally grows from 80 — 100 feet in height, and from 24 
— 30 inches in diameter. Its trunk is usually from 40 — 50 feet without 
branches. Its bark is smoother than common in this genus, and divided into 
an innumerable quantity of thin scales, which appear to be constantly exfo- 
liating. Leaves 3 in each sheath, those of the old trees about 12 inches 
long, those of the young tree frequently 18. Cone 6 — 10 inches long, cylin- 
drical or conical, the scales separating and discharging their seed early in 
the fall. This tree is almost universally distinguished in the two Southern 
States as the Yellow Pine; it is sometimes called the Long-leaved Pine, and 
sometimes Pitch Pine. It is more extensively used than any other species 
of timber we possess. For the frames, the covering, and even the roofing of 
houses, it is used wherever cypress cannot be obtained; for the flooring of 
houses, it is preferred to any wood that is known. It is extensively used in 
ship-building, for the beams, plank, and running timber of vessels. It is used 
to make the casks in which we ship our rice, and the fencing of our planta- 
tions. 
This tree contains more rosin than any other species of pine: the fibre is 
sometimes protected from the operations of the atmosphere by the abundant 
formation of this substance; and when the tree begins to decay, portions of 
the trunk in which this rosin has accumulated; knots at the junction of the 
branches or callosities where injuries have been sustained, are converted into 
lightwood ; this, when charred afterwards by the annual fires which run 
through our forests, become almost imperishable. The large pieces are 
used for the sills of houses, the smaller for posts, and the irregular fragments 
are used for fuel or as torches, or are employed in the manufacture of Tar. 
F rom the sap of the living tree most of the turpentine of commerce is ob- 
tained. 
The name originally imposed on this species is unfortunate, as it produces 
a false impression, and has been the source of error to foreigners, if not to 
our own countrymen. If an inhabitant of the Southern States, ignorant o 
