— 26 — 
2. Cetraria hiascens (Fr.) Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. p. 98, var. macrophylla 
Merrill, var. nov. 
Thallus growing in tufts, erect or sub-declimbent, pallid-fuscescent 
brown or even nigricant at the tips but paler basally, rigid but brittle, the 
lobes variable in width, attaining to a maximum of 16 mm. and a height of 7 
cent, the margins dividing into relatively short irregularly outlined lacinulae, 
both major and minor axils rounded, lobes commonly plane but variously 
contorted, only the tips canaliculate; the superior surface smooth, irregu- 
larly lacunose, the lacunae shallow, or here and there ribbed, scarcely differ- 
ing below except in remaining pale with scattered white soredia, cortex 
continuous, sub-shining, the borders of the lobes laciniolate-spinulose. 
Apothecia not seen. 
On the earth with mosses and other lichen species. St. Paul’s Is. 
Behring Sea, J. M. Macoun, June, 1897. Plate II. Fig. i. 
A remarkable form analogous to the v. robusta Ach. of C. Islandica. 
Only the possession by the writer of an exceptionally informative series of 
C. hiascens serves to ally the present with the attenuated and multifid 
examples of the White Mountains of New England. The colder regions of 
the earth seem to be the natural homes of the explanate forms of Islajidica 
stock, for there is marked tendency in specimens of C. hiascens from Anti- 
costi Island and Hudson Bay toward lateral expansion. C. hiascens from 
the White Mountains affords two rather distinct forms, one of w”hich, a rather 
carious and strongly albo-sorediate condition was saluted by one American 
lichenist as Ciadonia dege?ierans. The second of these, commonly very 
slender, less sorediate and usually espinulose, has been called Ciadonia fur- 
cata spadicea, Evernia furfuracea and by other appellations. The close 
affinity that the younger Fries reckons for - C. hiascens with C. Islandica 
in my opinion rather a parallelism, no more to be regarded than is the marked 
similarity of certain conditions of C. Islandica with variant states of C. 
cncullata. The caespitose densely-compacted habit of the more slender 
states of C. hiascens is entirely absent in the var. niac 7 'ophy I la. 
3. Cstraria lacunosa Ach. forma cavernosa (Menzies) Merrill, comb. nov. 
Thallus cartilaginous, rigid in old specimens, lobes less ascendent than 
in the species, reticulate-lacunose-cellulose, the septum dividing the lacunae 
conspicuous and very thin; the superior surface whitish, whitish-cinereous 
or glaucescent, opaque; beneath whitish at the circumference, centrally 
brown or blackish, or the whole surface variegated, commonly opaque, but 
sometimes shining, when as it now and then happens that the plant is 
corticated, Apothecia as in the species but not so commonly perforate. 
