— 97 — 
Clado 7 iia squamosa (Scop.) Hoffm. 
“ “ van inuricella (Del.) Wainio. {Cl. squa^nosa f, attenu- 
ata Fr.) 
“ subcariosa Nyl. {CL gracilis van verticillata f. symphycarpia 
Tuck., CL symphycarpa, in part, of American authors, 
not Fries.) 
“ sylvatica Hoffm. {CL ra^igiferina van sylvatica (L.) Schaer.) 
turgid a (Ehrh.) Hoffm. 
“ uncialis (L.) Web. 
“ verticellata Hoffm. {CL gracilis van verticellata Ft.) 
Reprinted by permission from Rhodora for November, 1900, Although intended 
primarily for New England, the key will serve almost equally well for any part of the 
north-eastern United States. 
Wellesley, Mass. 
^‘THE LICHENS OF MINNESOTA.” 
A Review. 
Lincoln W. Riddle. 
In 1896 appeared in the Minnesota Botanical Studies the first of Professor 
Bruce Fink’s now well-known series of papers setting forth the ecological 
and distributional data resulting from an extensive field study of the lichens 
of Minnesota. The seven years that have elapsed since the last number of 
this series have been devoted to a critical study of the material in the 
herbarium and library. We now have the final systematic results of this 
study published under the title “The Lichens of Minnesota” as one of the 
contributions from the U. S. National Herbarium (Vol. 14, part i, pp. 1-269, 
with 51 plates, and 18 text- figures. Published by the Smithsonian Insti- 
tution, Washington, D. C. June i, 1910). 
Professor Fink states that the book is intended not only for specialists 
but also for younger students. Accordingly, the first 33 pages are devoted 
to a general account of the morphology, reproduction, and economic role of 
lichens, the text being illustrated with figures taken from various authorities. 
We then come to the descriptive catalogue of Minnesota lichens, with an 
outline of the classification adopted by the author, a key to the genera, and 
a systematic account of the species and subspecies of each genus, with keys, 
detailed descriptions, habitat notes, and geographical range. This 
catalogue includes 439 species and subspecies. A glossary and index close 
the book. 
Several factors make this work the most notable publication in North 
American Lichenology since the appearance of Tuckerman’s Synopsis. The 
first factor is the long experience of the author in the study of lichens in 
general, covering a period of twenty-five years, during which he has had the 
