21 6 
RESIDENCE AT SOCCATOO AND MAGARIA. 
receives, and is paid monthly in horses, cowries, and cloth. Ada- 
mawa pays yearly in slaves; Jackoba, in slaves and lead ore; Zeg- 
zeg, in slaves and cowries ; Zamfra, the same ; Hadiga and Ivatagum, 
and Zaonima, in horses, bullocks, and slaves ; Kashna, in slaves, 
cowries, and cloth ; Ader or Tadela, in bullocks, sheep, camels, and 
a coarse kind of cloth of cotton, like what is called by us a counter- 
pane. Every town, on being visited by the governor or other public 
functionaries, must contribute to the support of these officers, and 
bear the expense of travelling, and feed all his servants and his 
cattle. 
Their agriculture is simple enough. They begin clearing the 
ground of weeds, and burning them after the first fall of rain, which 
in Houssa is in the month of May ; and when a person wishes to 
enclose a piece of ground for his own use, he first gets permission 
from the governor. He then sets his slaves, if he has any, to cut 
down the smaller trees and brushwood, leaving the micadonia or 
butter trees, if there be any, standing on the ground : the wood, 
brushwood, and weeds are then gathered together in heaps and 
burnt. After the first rains have fallen, the male and female slaves 
go to work, each male having a hoe with a long handle, and each 
female a basket, dish, or gourd, filled with the grain intended to be 
sown : the male goes on in a straight line crossing the field, striking 
as it were with his hoe on each side, and raising a little earth each 
blow in the line about two or three feet, or broad enough for a man 
to walk ; the females follow with their baskets of grain, dropping 
the seeds into the holes made by the hoe, which they then cover 
over with earth, and give it a slight pressure with the foot. When 
the dourra or other grain has risen above the ground three or four 
inches, the weeds are hoed off, and the earth loosened around the 
stalks ; when the dourra has got to the height of three or four feet, 
they hoe around it a second time, leaving the weeds in the middle 
of the rows. This is cleared away, when small millet or calavanees 
