CALYCOSILVA CANTHARELLUS. 
81 
both on the body and on the stalk. The dermal and gastral pinules of the body 
are very similar, and both differ from the pinules of the stalk. The pinules with 
rudimentary proximal ray do not differ from those in which this ray is properly 
developed in other respects. I shall, therefore, describe the pinules in two 
groups : — the dermal and gastral body-pinules with long and short proximal 
ray, and the dermal stalk-pinules with long and short proximal ray. 
The four lateral rays of the (dermal and gastral) pinules of the body (Plate 2, 
fig. 13; Plate 4 , figs. 21-24; Plate 6 , figs. 14-17, 19-25; Plate 7 , figs. 6-19) 
have in all three varieties the same shape and size. They are 50-144 m long, 
enclose right angles, and form crosses 120-280 /z in diameter (Plate 2, fig. 13a; 
Plate 6 , fig. 23; Plate 7 , figs. 16-18). The lateral rays of the same pinule are not 
equally long, but their differences in length are usually not great, the longest 
lateral ray being only 2-20 n, rarely as much as 45 /x, longer than the shortest. 
The lateral rays are straight, 4-10 n thick at the base, nearly always conic, and 
pointed at the end. Pinules with one or more lateral rays reduced in length and 
terminally rounded (Plate 7 , fig. 8) , or very thick at the base and abruptly attenu- 
ated to a thin conic end-part, are exceedingly rare. The lateral rays bear vertically 
arising spines, which are very small and close together near the end but more 
distant and larger (1.5-3 m long) in the middle and proximal parts of the ray. 
These spines are remarkably slender, even the longest is not much over 1 m 
thick at the base. 
The apical proximal ray is, when properly developed (Plate 6, figs. 19-22, 
25; Plate 7 , figs. 6, 7, 9, 10, 19), similar to the lateral rays in shape, spinulation, 
and size. When reduced (Plate 6 , fig. 24; Plate 7 , figs. 12-15) it is as thick, 
but in C. c. vars. simplex and helix is only 5-10 /x, in C. c. var. megonychia 5-20 n 
long, and terminally rounded. On such proximal rays the spines are generally 
as far apart as on the long ones, and not crowded. One or two spines often arise 
from the rounded end of the ray. 
The apical distal ray of the body-pinules is longest in C. c. var. helix , 
shorter in C. c. var. simplex, and still shorter in C. c. var. megonychia. It is in the 
dermal body-pinules of all varieties longer than in their gastral ones, being 
in the dermal body-pinules of C. c. var. helix 130-385 /z 
simplex 100-290 /x 
megonychia 100-180 n 
gastral “ “ “ “ “ “ helix 120-270 u 
“ simplex 100-240 /z 
“ megonychia 100-195 u long. 
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