82 
C ALY COSILY A CANTHARELLUS. 
This ray in all varieties is at its base 5-13 n thick, usually a little thicker 
than the other rays. It thickens above and attains its maximum thickness about 
a quarter of its length from the centrum of the spicule. From its thickest point 
it tapers gradually towards the stout, blunt-pointed, distal end (Plate 6, figs. 14- 
17). It bears numerous spines. These have the ordinary conic shape and are 
not at all broadened and flattened like scales. The spines arising from the basal 
part of the ray are vertical, quite distant, short, and straight (Plate 6, figs. 21, 22, 
24; Plate 7, figs. 6, 8-10). Farther up they become more numerous, longer, and 
more inclined toward the ray, their ends pointing obliquely upward. This oblique 
direction is attained partly by the spines of this region arising obliquely, partly 
by their being more or less abruptly bent in their basal portion. About two 
thirds or three quarters of the way up the ray these spines attain their maximum 
size. They are in this region about 15 n long, 1.5-2 n thick at the base, and arise 
at an angle of about 70° from the ray. They are bent abruptly upwards 1-2 ^ 
from their base, the axis (chord) of their conic, slightly and somewhat irregularly 
curved end-part enclosing an angle of about 23-30° with the axis of the ray. 
Towards the end of the ray the spines gradually become smaller, those arising 
nearest its freely protruding tip being only 5 n long, or still shorter. The distal 
pinule-ray, together with its spines, resembles the tail of a mammal or wheat-ear 
more than the cone of a fir-tree. Its maximum breadth is 15-32 /i. In respect 
to this dimension there is no perceptible difference between the dermal and 
gastral body-pinules and the body-pinules of the three varieties. 
The (dermal) pinules of the stalk (Plate 6, figs. 26-34) have the same struc- 
ture as the body-pinules but differ from them in their dimensions and the preva- 
lence of forms with reduced proximal ray. Their lateral rays are only 54-100 m 
long and the crosses formed by them 115-196 ^ in diameter. Their proximal ray 
is, when properly developed, 50-90 m long, when reduced, 4-10 n. These rays 
are 3-7 m thick at the base. The distal ray is 55-115 m long, and 6-10 n thick 
at the base. The maximum breadth of this ray, with its spines, is 13-30 /i. 
On the whole these pinules decrease in size from the upper to the lower end of the 
stalk. 
I have above drawn attention to the fact that there are no, or hardly any, 
intermediate forms connecting the pinules with reduced proximal ray with those 
in which this ray is properly developed. In fact I have not observed a single 
body-pinule with a proximal ray 21-59 m long, the nearest approach to an 
intermediate form being the pinule (Plate 7, fig. 8) in which the proximal ray is, 
although 60 /z long, nearly cylindrical and terminally rounded. 
