92 
CAULOPHACID. 
species referred by F. E. Schulze to the two genera Sympagella, without, 
and Aulascus, with hypogastral pentactines in one genus, which should, since 
this has priority, be named Sympagella. According to the diagnosis of this 
genus given by Ijima the species belonging to it possess discohexasters. Since 
discohexasters are entirely absent in Calycosilva cantharellus , we cannot, if we 
accept Ijima’s classification place this sponge in this genus or in Aulascus, united 
with it by him. If we follow Ijima’s example of not considering the presence or 
absence of hypogastral pentactines of systematic importance sufficient for generic 
distinction, we must place the sponges above described in the same genus as Caly- 
cosoma gracile F. E. Schulze. According to Ijima 1 the Caulophacidae are distin- 
guished from the Rossellidae i. a. by the former possessing and the latter being 
destitute of true pinules with a well-distinguished distal ray. If this be accepted 
the two species ( validum and gracile) placed by F. E. Schulze in Calycosoma must 
be generically separated, because only one (C. validum ) has no true pinules and 
can be retained in the Rossellidae, where F. E. Schulze 2 although doubtful about 
it himself, places Calycosoma; whilst the other (C. gracile) possesses pinules 
with well-distinguished distal ray and must be assigned to the Caulophacidae. 
The first described of these two species is the rossellid Calycosoma validum. 
This must therefore be considered as the type species of the genus and for this 
the generic name Calycosoma must be retained. The other species, Calycosoma 
gracile, with which the sponges described above might be generically united, has, 
according to this, to be excluded from Calycosoma, and a new generic name 
has to be found for it. 
Under these circumstances I establish a new genus for the sponges described 
above, in which also Calycosoina gracile F. E. Schulze 1903 might be placed. 
The name Calycosilva denotes its origin from Calycosoma on the one hand, and 
on the other indicates that the sponges are covered by a forest of pinules with 
well-distinguished distal ray. 
Doubtful Caulophacid. 
Plate 32, figs. 10-12. 
The collection contains three fragments of skeleton-nets collected with the 
tangles at Station 3689 (A. A. 134) on 28 October, 1899; 18° 06' S., 142° 24' W. ; 
depth 1476 m. (807 f.) ; they grew on a bottom of fine coral-sand and manganese 
nodules; the bottom-temperature was 37.6°. 
1 1. Ijima. Studies on the Hexactinellida. III. Journ/Coll. sci. Tokyo, 1903, 18, p.79, SO, 112, 114. 
2 F. E. Schulze. Hexactinellida. Ergeb. Deutsch. tiefsee-exped., 1904, 4, p. 174, 176, 
