Contents 
Page 
Foreword iii 
Acknowledgments ix 
SECTION I. Invited Papers 
Chapter 1. Cigarette Testing and the Federal Trade Commission: 
A Historical Overview 1 
Question-and-Answer Session 8 
References 8 
Chapter 2. Review of the Federal Trade Commission Method for 
Determining Cigarette Tar and Nicotine Yield 9 
Question-and-Answer Session 12 
References 14 
Chapter 3. Changes in Cigarette Design and Composition 
Over Time and How They Influence the Yields 
of Smoke Constituents 15 
Introduction 15 
Background 15 
Changes in Cigarette Design and Composition 18 
Summary 31 
Question-and-Answer Session 33 
References 35 
Acknowledgments 37 
Chapter 4. Attitudes, Knowledge, and Beliefs About Low-Yield 
Cigarettes Among Adolescents and Adults 39 
Introduction 39 
Monitoring National Data 42 
Survey Findings 43 
Health Beliefs and Switching 47 
Quitting Smoking 49 
Discussion 51 
XXI 
